The new era of spaceflight is coming

Solar Sail

Solar sails and improvements for "Project Orion".

The new type of systems like solar sails could also be impressive tools. The solar sail is a large-size layer, which is using particles, that are coming from the Sun for moving. The same layer that solar sail uses for moving can be used as the cooling plate for the nuclear reactors. So at the first solar sail can use solar wind, and then, when the plasma flow from the Sun turns weaker, the system can turn to use internal nuclear power.

Or the solar sail can use along with the Orion system. At first, Orion will be accelerated by using the plasma flow from the sun. And then the nuclear detonator will give it an extra punch at suitable distances.

In that case, the nuclear bombs or hydrogen bombs can shoot to the right points of the trajectory of the solar sail, and when the sail is passing them, they can be detonated. So in this model, the nuclear bombs are not carried by the probe itself, they are transported separately by using other rockets.

The solar sails would be the hybrid systems, where the solar sail would be covered by using the silicon layer. In this version, the solar sail would also use ion motors, what is getting the electricity from the solar panel, what is installed on solar sail. When the solar sail would be farther from the sun, the system can turn to use the nuclear reactor, or it can get electricity from the laser or radio waves, which are shot from Earth by using radio telescopes.

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Orion_(nuclear_propulsion)

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_sail

Image:()https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap040821.html

Nuclear thermal propulsion and artificial intelligence are fascinating tools for many missions.

The nuclear thermal rockets, which are loaded at the lunar orbiter might be the next way to travel in the solar system. In those systems, the rocket will assembly at the lunar orbiter, and in that case, the fuel, cargo, and crew will transport to the moon by using space shuttles. The journey to the lunar orbiter would be two stages. At the first, the space shuttle that uses SCRAMJET and rocket scramjet engines in the atmosphere will take the equipment and crew to the space station or it can doc straight to lunar shuttles.

So in the last case, the space station is not necessary. The lunar shuttle might be only the cylinders, where is cargo and crew modules, and then it can take the equipment to the nuclear engines. The highly enriched nuclear fuel can send to the moon in small pieces, and the system might freeze that highly radioactive material to temperature, which is near zero kelvin. That thing will decrease radioactivity.

The rockets are noisy systems and in some visions, the airfields or shuttles are surrounded by using the sound barrier, which is made by using the LRAD- type acoustic technology. In this kind of system, the jet of the rocket is surrounded by using the acoustic cylinder, which denies the sound from traveling through that targeted sound wall. And that makes the aircraft or rocket soundless.

Things like methane rockets can operate in the atmospheres of other planets. Modern systems can separate oxygen from chemical combinations. In the ideal case, the oxygen can be separated from the carbon dioxide or some oxide during the flight, and that thing allows that the shuttles can make many types of missions at the distant worlds. But also the possibility to separate oxygen from the minerals like iron oxide allows using hydrogen from the chemical combinations in rockets or fuel cells.

Of course, methane itself can be used as fuel, and that allows to make large-scale reconnaissance missions on the Jupiter and Saturnus systems. The energy for those systems can get from the Carbon-14 based radioisotope generators, and the artificial intelligence-controlled drones can operate in the atmospheres of gas giants or the submarine drones can operate in the oceans of Jupiter and Saturnian ice moons.

The system can have two parts. In some visions, the surface platform that can be fixed or rover is transmitting data, and the submarine, what will dive into the ocean of those moons. The submarine can melt itself through the ice, and then transmit data to the surface stations. The system can use acoustic or laser communication.

At the first, the data will send to the surface station, and then that station can send it to Earth. In the wildest visions, those surface units can be the rovers, which are dropping the light cell to the ocean of the icy moon. The rover sends the signal and then the submarine will come to the sensor and delivers data for the rover, which resends it to Earth.

()https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-era-of-spaceflight-exciting-advances-in-rocket-propulsion/

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