ESA's Gaia satellite found two massive planets.

"This is an artist impression of the exoplanet Gaia-4b and the brown dwarf Gaia-5b, which were both discovered by ESA’s Gaia mission. This artist impression visualises a portion of the orbital motions as determined by Gaia’s astrometric data. The stars and planets are not to scale. Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC/M. Marcussen" (ScitechDaily, Gaia Just Found Two Massive Objects That Shouldn’t Exist – And Astronomers Are Stunned)


Objects called Gaia-4b and Gaia-5b are massive exoplanets. Or actually, Gaia 5b is a brown dwarf. That orbits a red dwarf 134 ly away from Earth. Its mass is about 21 Jupiters. Gaia-4b is about 12 times as massive as Jupiter. The distance to that object is 244 ly. That means those planets or brown dwarfs are quite close to Earth. The Gaia 4 and 5 are M-type stars. And that means they are very low-mass objects. So how do those low-mass objects reach their substellar massive companions? One of the explanations can be that.

Maybe Gaia 4b and 5b are rogue objects that formed somewhere else. Then, those low-mass stars catch those objects to orbit them. That means that the galaxy might involve many more surprises. Rogue planets or substellar large objects can form from the nova or supernova debris. They can also form around some other stars and then nova or supernova eruption can push them out from their orbit and that forms the rogue planet.

The other star can steal the other star's planets. And can Gaia-4b and 5b be the first evidence that this happens?

The third possibility is that if some massive object orbits its star in a long distance a more massive object can pull it out from its orbitals. That means the low-mass stars like M-type red dwarfs and brown dwarfs can pull distant planets to orbit them. The requirement for that process is that the red dwarf's gravity is stronger than maybe a bigger star's gravity.

Also, things like neutron stars and black holes energy beams, cosmic collisions, and many other things can push distant planets out of their trajectory. It's possible. That the galaxy is full of icy planets that travel around. Some researchers say that maybe most of the planets can be rogue planets. Those things can cause massive revolutions in solar systems if they arrive there.

https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2025/02/Animation_of_Gaia-5b

https://scitechdaily.com/gaia-just-found-two-massive-objects-that-shouldnt-exist-and-astronomers-are-stunned/