Researchers think that maybe dark matter is not only one thing.

“Dark matter continues to challenge our understanding of the universe, especially as new observations reveal behaviors that defy traditional models. A recent study proposes that dark matter may consist of multiple interacting components, offering a unified way to explain both diffuse and highly concentrated structures seen across galaxies. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Mystery Deepens: Astrophysicists Say Dark Matter May Not Be One Thing)

Dark matter means an unknown gravitational effect. This phenomenon is one of the most fascinating aspects of the universe. There is a possibility that dark matter is not a single entity. It might be many things that we see as dark matter. In some models, dark matter doesn’t even exist. That means that dark matter could be ordinary material that behaves differently than reseachers calculated. First thing. What we must realize is that. There are lots of things in the universe that we don’t know. Matter outside galaxies. It has a lower energy level than galaxies. 

This means that the material is very hard to observe. Galaxies cover that matter under their brightness. When particles spin, they release energy from their equator. That forms an energy hole to the particle’s spin axis. And that energy hole pulls energy to the particle. This causes an interesting idea: could the dark matter be a particle? That has spin 1? If that kind of particle exists, it can be invisible. 

The spin of most particles is 1/2. This means that the particle wobbles back and forth. It changes its direction after each 1/2 round. This means that the same particle binds and releases energy. So, could that process be the thing? Behind the dark matter?

So when a particle changes its direction. It sends a photon. The particle must stop before it changes its direction. And at that point, it releases that energy quantum. This means that the particle will form a WARP bubble-shaped quantum low-pressure shape around it. And maybe that bubble can cause a situation. A particle. Like a quark or an electron can turn its spin into one. 

This means that the particle can spin a full round around it. This requires an extreme. Big step between energy levels. When a particle travels over an energy step, which separates. A high-energy area. The extremely low-energy areas can make it possible. For the particle to form a bubble. That allows it to spin a full round around its axle, which could make it invisible. 

“Projected dark matter density distribution and the induced strong lensing critical curves in a two-component self-interacting dark matter model. Credit: Science China Press (ScitechDaily, Mystery Deepens: Astrophysicists Say Dark Matter May Not Be One Thing)

Things like cosmic voids can cause this kind of virtual gravitational effect. When things. Like cosmic voids are forming, outside quantum fields are starting to fill them. This means the cosmic void can cause a virtual gravitational effect. In the same way, when particles are escaping from the galaxies, they will enter the very low-energy area. 

The material evaporation is stronger or faster than in higher energy areas. This means that material sends energy. But the evaporation also binds energy. And maybe energy that travels faster. The particles that evaporate in galaxies can be one thing. That makes the effect that we see as dark matter. When material evaporates or turns into wave movement, it sends photons. 

During that process. These forms. A bubble or quantum low-pressure region around that particle. This means that we see the effect that this void forms stronger than the particle's gravitational field. So. Those small nanovoids could be one source for an effect called dark matter. We must also remember. That also includes. Other particles than protons and electrons that evaporate. Things like quarks and also bosons are evaporating. And that thing binds energy. 

That causes high-speed evaporation. This evaporation form. The bubble is quite similar to the WARP-bubble. When that kind of bubble forms energy, or a quantum field tries to fill it. When the universe expands. That thing. Means that the quantum fields around that bubble turn weaker. But that expansion also pulls. That expansion can form a situation. The bubble’s or void’s size expands all the time. But quantum fields cannot fill it. The antimatter annihilation will cause quantum fields to move. And that means those explosions can also cause an effect. That seems like gravitation. The thing is that. There are many things. That can form the effect. That we see as dark matter. Dark matter means a gravitational effect. That is the second  of two dominant things in the universe. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mystery-deepens-astrophysicists-say-dark-matter-may-not-be-one-thing/

Gamma Cassiopeiae could give a model for reseachers how to create X-rays and Gamma-rays without antimatter.

"Gamma Cas consists of a Be-type star surrounded by a disk of material; some of this material flows toward the companion; a second disk forms around the companion, and the material eventually flows toward the poles, where it emits X-rays (green arrows). Some of these X-rays are reflected by the surface of the white dwarf (purple arrows). Credit: University of Liège / Y.Nazé" (ScitechDaily, A Bright Star Hid a Massive Secret for 50 Years: Mystery of Gamma Cassiopeiae Finally Solved)

Gamma Cassiopeiae is a bright B-spectral class star. Astronomers found a hidden companion. The small white dwarf near that star. This means the Gamma Cassiopeiae is a binary star. And the thing that makes it interesting is the small white dwarf that orbits the center star and pulls matter from that star.  

The massive star in the Gamma Cassiopeiae system is the source of the X-ray bursts from that star. The magnetic white dwarf is the thing. That accelerates the ionized gas around it. And when that ion belt impacts the plasma around the larger star, it causes a very high-energy reaction. And we see that reaction as X-ray bursts from around that star. 

When particles in two separate plasma disks collide, they form X-ray bursts. This observation is the answer to the astronomical mystery. But. It can also make it possible to detect methods. To create artificial gamma- or X-rays. In history researchers thought that only black holes could create X- and gamma-rays. But today. We know that.  Also, less massive objects. Like white dwarfs can form at least X-rays. 

Those high-energy rays can form when a white dwarf pulls matter from its companion star. The matter that the white dwarf pulls from the companion star forms the ion cloud or halo around the white dwarf. And when that material flows. Impacts the plasma that orbits the white dwarf. That reaction forms X-ray bursts. The high-energy magnetic field. Puts the plasma into a whirl very fast around the white dwarf.

Magnetic white dwarfs interact through gravity. But it also interacts through a magnetic field. When the material impacts the white dwarf’s surface. That impact causes a nuclear reaction, which raises the energy level in plasma. That orbits the white dwarf. 

When incoming material impacts. The white dwarf’s plasma fields. That causes. A high-energy interaction. This interaction causes a situation. Those impacting particles send high-energy radiation. The remarkable thing is this: in this reaction, the magnetic interaction is dominating. 

And that thing causes a model, that if we create two crossing plasma wheels or plasma rings, we could create synthetic X- or even gamma rays. If we want to create synthetic gamma-rays, we must raise those particles' energy level so high that the quarks can interact with each other. Another way to create those high-energy radiation bursts is to use particle accelerators that accelerate quarks, electrons, or protons with high-power magnetic fields and aim laser beams into them. 

Those photons can accelerate those particles or particle clusters to a high energy level. And that system. It can create high-energy radiation. The system can have two cyclotrons that create a plasma ring. That accelerates those particles with the highest possible energy level. Then that plasma will be conducted to the linear accelerators. 

There. High-energy photons will accelerate those particles. That conducted. To crossing trajectories. Another way. Is to aim lasers at. The point where those plasma rings that rotate in opposite directions impact. When plasma rings orbit in opposite directions, that maximizes their impact force. These types of systems can be used to create synthetic gamma- or X-rays. Antimatter annihilation is the tool. That could create the gamma-rays. But. Creating gamma rays by using antimatter. It is quite an expensive method. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-bright-star-hid-a-massive-secret-for-50-years-mystery-of-gamma-cassiopeiae-finally-solved/

The Tellegen effect. It can revolutionize network technology and stealth materials.

“For more than 70 years, the Tellegen effect has been something of an 'optics unicorn': a phenomenon well described in theory but practically impossible to observe because it is usually vanishingly weak in natural materials. Now, researchers from the University of Gothenburg, Aalto University in Finland, and Stanford University report what they describe as the first experimental detection of the Tellegen effect for visible light.” (University of Gothenburg, Scientists Finally Spot the Elusive Tellegen Effect)

Reseachers at the University of Gothenburg and Aalto University spotted the Tellegen effect in optical metasurfaces. First time in history. Researchers formed an elusive Telleren effect in the optical area. Reseachers rejected natural materials. They developed the synthetic metamaterials. And. That opened new ways to create the Tellegen effect in material. 

And before anybody can benefit from that effect, the systems and metamaterials must turn more advanced. The Tellegen effect is a very weak thing. But if that thing is possible. And the radio waves. They can turn into optical waves. And backward. That can open new paths for network and stealth technologies. Another thing is that. The question mark is: could that effect transform all optical wavelengths? 

The Tellegen effect means a situation. That magnetic field interacts with metamaterials. Reseachers used metamaterial. That involved nanotubes, and finally, they used a material. That was introduced above this text. The material consists of pyramid-shaped structures. The reason why this material makes the Telleren effect possible is that. Pyramids transfer wave movement out from the surface. When a wave movement travels at the sides of the pyramid. The impact at the top of the pyramid.

That impact can change. Those waves' wavelength. This effect can transform quantum networks and stealth technology. There is a possibility. That's the Tellegen effect. 

It can turn electromagnetic fields or waves into visible light. If the Tellegen effect is complete, and material is covered by a light-absorbing layer, the Tellegen effect. It can make a revolution in material research. But this thing. Can make a layer invisible. In some models, the Tellegen effect. It could transform visible light reflection into UV or IR reflection.  UV reflection makes an object “colder”. And it is not visible in IR sensors. 

The idea is that the identical wave movement that travels in the same spot from the four sides of the nano-pyramid can also form the quantum dot. The quantum version of the electric arc. In cases where there is a channel in the pyramid. And there is an identical quantum electric arc or virtual particle, which can also pull all energy into that low-energy part of this quantum dot pair. 

https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/items/e21ad997-a72a-494e-a571-9acdb095c12f

https://www.gu.se/en/news/scientists-finally-spot-the-elusive-tellegen-effect

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43593-026-00123-2

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-024-45225-y?fromPaywallRec=false