The nuclear rocket passed 4200 degrees Fahrenheit (2300 C)

"In collaboration with NASA, General Atomics has achieved a significant milestone by testing nuclear propulsion fuels capable of enduring extreme space environments, marking a step closer to human missions to Mars. Credit: General Atomics, edited". (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Nuclear Rocket Fuel Just Survived 4200°F – A Major Step Toward Mars)

The General Atomics nuclear reactor or its fuel passed 2300 C without melting. That means the reactor is quite ready for Mars missions. The reactor is not the only thing that the spacecraft must have. But it's one of the vital components of that journey. 

The nuclear-powered spacecraft is the tool that can used for the R&D process for new, multipurpose aerospace and space systems that can revolutionize civil and military operations. However, spaceborne, lightweight nuclear rectors are tools that can give energy to some, like spaceborne lasers. Things like nuclear-powered shuttles that can operate space and atmosphere are not new ideas. 

In the 1950s and 1960s the Soviet and U.S. air forces developed aircraft and missile concepts like Project Pluto, Convair NB36H, and Tupolev Tu-95LAL were concepts that could be something. But then public opinion turned against nuclear-powered aircraft. Modern miniature reactors with highly enriched plutonium can make it possible to create things like jet-fighter-size shuttles that can operate in the atmosphere and space. 

Project Pluto was the nuclear-powered cruise missile that planned to use a nuclear-powered ramjet engine. The problem was that the reactor made the exhaust gas radioactive. And the Pluto missile left a deadly radioactive tail behind it. The thing is that the hydrogen will not turn radioactive. But the fact is the propellant must not be in contact with nuclear fuel. 

The reactor can boil propellant using electromagnetic waves like lasers, electric arcs, and microwaves. The thing is that the small nuclear reactors that use some synthetic elements can bring new abilities to next-generation hypersonic technology, or spacecraft that can operate in the atmosphere or orbital and beyond it. 

Basically. The nuclear-powered VTOL space shuttle is not very difficult to make. There must only be the blowers that raise the craft to hover above the ground. When the altitude is above the trees or buildings the system can start its jet engines or nuclear jet engines. The blowers are for silent travel. Jet engine systems are for fast travel. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convair_NB-36H

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Pluto

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95LAL

The new light-based technology can turn dugs on and off.

"A simple pulse of light can control the activity of a molecule at a specific location without affecting surrounding cells, thereby limiting unwanted side effects. Credit: Gotta lab – UNIGE" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Found a Way to Turn Drugs On and Off With Light)

The same system that can activate and deactivate medicines can be used in molecule-based data storage. The reactive tail of the molecule causes an electric impulse that is one for the system and the non-reactive gives zero. The molecules can be upside down and then the light or acoustic impulse turns them around. The non- or less reactive tail gives zero and the higher reactive tail gives one. 

The system where the receiver plays with the voltage levels is easier for the receiver than the case where the molecule doesn't give a voltage at all. There must be something that senses if the certain molecule travels through the reader. The other version is that the laser reads how tall the molecule is. The size of the molecule can determine if it should give one or zero to the receiver. 

The nanoball can also make it possible to create chemical qubits. Those medical qubits store information on the magnetic molecules on the nano-balls. Then laser destroys that ball and sends those molecules to receivers. And each molecule is in a certain state in the qubit. 

Nanotechnology is one of the most impressive ways to make medicines. There is the possibility of making nano-size balls where the medicines or other chemicals are located. The ball itself is made of the nano-net there are the nano-hatches. The light-based nanotechnology can activate and deactivate drugs. The system sends light impulses to the nano-ball surface. 

And that light impulse can open and close the nano hatches on the nano-ball surface. Or the light can remove the non-reactive shell from those molecules. Or the signal can turn the molecule with the reactive tail to the outside. When light deactivates medicine it can turn the non-reactive tail to outside. The acoustic signal can also make similar things. The hatches in nanonet can also make it possible to create medicines that can be active only when needed. The system is like a high-tech laundry ball. 

The system can also use things like acoustic systems to open or close the hatches. The idea is that the nanoball that is near the targeted point faces the acoustic impulse. The low pressure at the opposite side pulls nanohatches open and that can release enzyme-acid combinations. 

Those proteins there is acid molecules on them that can cut the wanted tissue away. The ability to use enzyme-acid combinations as medical tools can make it possible to create new medicines. Things like cancer- and bacteria cells can be resistant to regular antibiotics and cytostatics. However, they cannot resist the acids and enzymes that cut their protein molecules. The ability to activate and deactivate medicines can also be used in other chemicals. 

The ability to activate and deactivate chemicals can have many uses in the chemical industry. The ability to activate and deactivate enzymes and inhibitors makes it possible to advance chemical reaction control. And that can be the new step in fundamental chemistry. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-found-a-way-to-turn-drugs-on-and-off-with-light/

Small robots can act as robot puzzles.

 

"A new ultra-light swimming robot mimics marine flatworms, using silent undulating fins for precise movement in tight aquatic spaces. It could revolutionize environmental monitoring and precision agriculture. Credit: EPFL-LMTS" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Develop Tiny 6-Gram Robot That Swims Through Tight Spaces With Ease)

The small robots can act as individual tools. But, they can also act as the bites in puzzles. Engineers made a six-gram robot. That can research its environment. Or a swarm of those small robots can cover large areas. The swarm of small robots can use non-centralized cloud-based neural networks. The robot can operate in water. But if it's the quadcopter shape that thing can also fly. 

In some models, the lasers or high-power radio waves can transport energy to those systems. The laser beam can transfer energy to the small photovoltaic cells. The small plutonium batteries or the cells from electric eels can create energy for those systems. 

The small robots can operate in their entirety. Each robot can have different sensors like laser spectrometers, microphones, seismic sensors, or cameras. The robot group can operate in small water areas or they can fly, if they are small quadcopters. They can search for pollution, and toxic chemicals, hear bird sounds, and go to dangerous places. 

In the military world, they can search and eavesdrop on enemy installations. The small-size robots can also make it possible to create new types of nuclear bombs. That is the robot swarm. In that robot swarms robots carry small neptunium or plutonium bites. And then they can go together forming a critical mass. 

"An artist’s depiction of a material-like collective of robots forming a rigid device. Credit: Brian Long, University of California Santa Barbara, edited" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Created Shape-Shifting Robots That Flow Like Liquid and Harden Like Steel)

(ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Created Shape-Shifting Robots That Flow Like Liquid and Harden Like Steel)

The robot amoeba is a group of very small robots. It can make even the T-1000 from Terminator movies possible. 

The shape-shifting robots can turn as hard as steel. And then they can take liquid form. Amoeba robot groups are fundamental devices that can make self-repairing structures and even make liquid, shape-chancing robots possible. That means those robots can transported to the operational area using the tanks. 

Or they can travel through tubes. The idea of liquid robots is simple. Those systems are like robot swarms. But they can form an amoebae-shaped structure. Small robots can use neural-network-based computing algorithms. 

Then, they can take any form as the programmer wants. And that can be a breakthrough in material development. Those robots can hide in the tanks in submarines, aircraft, or in spacecraft. Amoeba- robots can travel to the damaged point and repair damages.  And maybe in the future, those robot groups can make it possible to create structures that change their shape. 

When aircraft travel faster, or some car or other vehicle requires a new role liquid robots can take another shape. They can also transform into other tools. So, the robot amoeba can also take the shape of a screwdriver or spanner. The robot amoeba that takes the shape of everything that it touches can be closer than ever before. The ability to read the DNA makes it possible to take the shape of any person. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-develop-tiny-6-gram-robot-that-swims-through-tight-spaces-with-ease/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-created-shape-shifting-robots-that-flow-like-liquid-and-harden-like-steel/

Does a black hole require singularity?

"A groundbreaking study has shown that black holes can exist without singularities, eliminating the need for exotic matter. The discovery, based on quantum gravity corrections, offers a more natural explanation of black hole formation and aligns with thermodynamic laws. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, No More Singularities? Quantum Gravity Could Finally Solve the Black Hole Mystery)

Quantum gravity and AI can explain what is in the black holes. When we think of quantum gravity as gravity, which is the gravity effect of single elementary particles, we can continue this chain to model where all other things like planets, stars, and black holes are the "clouds" of the elementary particles. 

That means the planet's gravity is the sum of the elementary particles' quantum gravity fields. Gravity is the thing that pulls and makes fields travel to black holes. So gravity is like a "cold force". Sometimes, gravity is described as the river that pulls material with it. 

The problem with black holes is that they act like cold objects. And then we can ask, where they put their material? When huge supermassive black holes pull material and electromagnetic fields inside them their size should expand. So, black holes must or should turn larger. But the universe's expansion causes a situation where black holes get less material to eat. 

And that means their expansion is weaker than in the dawn of the universe. In the young universe, energy levels were higher, and materials were denser, and that caused the fast expansion of those black holes. The entropy was lower. And everything, including gravity waves, was stronger. Every phenomenon is stronger in denser space. 

So, does the black hole involve exotic material? The problem is that: when gravity stretches time and space, that thing turns material into a form that is impossible outside that gravity field. 

But then we can ask are there singularities in the black hole? The problem is that there can also be a gravitational tornado that makes material and energy escape straight from the spin axle. That is one of the things that can explain the strange expansion of the black holes. Singularity is the condition where all particles in the material, electrons, quarks, and bosons are pressed into one entirety. That thing forms an extremely dense object. 

"Machine learning is helping LIGO scientists extract meaningful signals from chaotic data, opening doors for future breakthroughs in astrophysics and data science. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Breakthrough AI Reveals the Universe’s Hidden Signals)

And then, before we crush singularities. We can think that maybe all black holes are not similar. It's possible that:

1) All black holes have singularity.

2) Some black holes have no singularity. 

3) Singularities do not exist in black holes. 

4) Singularities can be a short-term phenomenon. That means singularity can turn the quantum fields into tornadoes before they vanish. Or fall into that gravity (or quantum) tornado. 

That explains gravity as the tornado-shaped structure that conducts energy out from the black hole. And maybe that tornado, or tunnel injects that singularity, out from the black hole. The singularity can seem very dense object. 

But there those particles are as entirety. There the quantum strings (or superstrings) form a tight yarnball-looking structure. And that allows the quantum fields or extremely short wavelength radiation can interact with those strings. When a black hole forms in a supernova explosion the energy and material falls against that object. 

That outside energy pulls those strings against each other. But there is a short moment when the outside field doesn't touch that thing. At that moment the shell of the black hole's core jumps out. In that moment which can be a trillionth of a second energy is released between those strings. That forms entropy. The growing entropy means that there is more and more space between those superstrings. The black hole is quite similar to a hurricane. Only the size of particles that move in black holes and tropical storms is different. In black holes, the quantum fields are things that make tornadoes. In tropical hurricanes, the air molecules are moving. 

Even if the singularity does not exist the model where outside energy keeps a black hole in its form requires outcoming energy. Entropy grows when the universe turns cooler or lower energy. Space between particles makes entropy. When entropy grows in very large systems. That is hard to see. The entropy in the universe exists. And its level is always higher. But it's hard to see that growing entropy. 

There is entropy at all levels in the universe. Entropy destroys objects from elementary particles to things like stars and planets. And it expands to quarks and other things bosons. The entropy exists in all particles in the universe. 

The fast-spinning singularity can form a quantum tornado that rips the singularity into pieces. So, that quantum tornado pulls those superstrings through it. The thing is that the black hole is interaction. The outcoming material and energy keep that structure in its form. Without that pressure, black holes will turn into radiation in a very short time. 

https://scitechdaily.com/breakthrough-ai-reveals-the-universes-hidden-signals/

https://scitechdaily.com/no-more-singularities-quantum-gravity-could-finally-solve-the-black-hole-mystery/

Quantum computing and Asimov's " The Last question" novel.

The futuristic quantum computers can be the cubes around the stars. The star inside the double-layer cube helps to keep the internal space's temperature or energy level higher than the outer layer's energy level. The cube can be a two-layer graphene. And because energy travels out from the internal structure. The outer layer's energy level is lower. And that helps to keep the superposition and quantum entanglement static. 

The thing that destroys quantum entanglement is the case where the energy levels on both sides turn to the same level. But if the quantum computer is like a cube around the star that means the energy that comes from the star and travels in one direction keeps the energy level at the receiving side of the quantum entanglement energy level lower. 

Then we can go to think about the "Last Question", Isaac Asimov's novel. There is a copy of that novel or reference about it from Wikipedia. So we can go to think about that thing novel and its philosophies. We can think that the Mulvac, AC (Analog Computer), or whatever that computer is, is the thing that creates the virtual universe inside it. That kind of computer can theoretically jump into the fourth dimension by making the network of the photons. That is in the quantum entanglement. Then it can drive those photons into a black hole. That can put the system into the fourth dimension. And maybe that thing can save it from the ultimate end of the universe. 

But then we can ask if the Multivac, the hyperspace-based computer is only a simulation. The human brains are connected to it. Using the BCI (Brain Computer Interface). That kind of simulation allows humans to travel as astral bodies in the virtual world that runs in the computer memory allowing humans to jump to another planet in seconds. The ultimate simulations allow the ultimate freedom, but the body is connected to the bed. 

The other thing is this. We can think of this system as the mind that sometimes forms itself, again and again. So every time. When a system called the AI-quantum computer running simulation destroys itself and then its copy forms that system again it expands its dataset. Or every time. When Multivac creates itself it expands its skills. The Multivac" can be the virtual universe. And every person can connect to it using wireless brain implants. Then we can think that the person simply wakes up in the final scene of that novel. 

Or maybe we can think of the case that the last person is out of that collective mind as the situation that we sometimes face. Even if the Multivac is merging all minds into one entirety the last mind that waits to merge can have the answer. The situation is the same as we can think about the situation. That 10001 scientists work in some place. There are 10000 seats in some conferences so they must leave one scientist behind them. 

There are 10000 highly trained people, but there is a small possibility that this single person has the lost piece of the puzzle. The idea is that is that the scientific work is like puzzle. All people who work with those things have a piece of the puzzle. Even if we think that we have the picture there is the possibility that the one missing piece is the crucial thing in the puzzle. 

The next part is a straight citation from the Wikipedia page: The Last Question". 

The last question is about the quantum computer called "Multivac". The idea is that there is one question that the Mutivac cannot answer and that is: "How can the net amount of entropy of the universe be massively decreased?" That is equivalent to asking, "Can the workings of the second law of thermodynamics (used in the story as the increase of the entropy of the universe) be reversed?" Multivac's only response after much "thinking" is "INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR MEANINGFUL ANSWER." 

he story jumps forward in time into later eras of human and scientific development. These new eras highlight humanity's goals of searching for "more"; more space, more energy, more planets to inhabit once the current one becomes overcrowded. As humanity's imprint on the universe expands, computers have subsequently become more compact, as evidenced in the "Microvac", a smaller and more advanced iteration of Multivac, noted in the second era of the story, which details humanity's inhabitation on "Planet X-23". In each era, someone decides to ask the ultimate "last question" regarding the reversal and decrease of entropy. Each time that Multivac's descendant is asked the question, it finds itself unable to solve the problem, and all it can answer is (linguistically increasingly sophisticated) "THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER."

In the last scene, the god-like descendant of humanity, the unified mental process of over a trillion, trillion, trillion humans who have spread throughout the universe, watches the stars flicker out, one by one, as matter and energy end, and with them, space and time. Humanity asks AC ("Analog Computer"), Multivac's ultimate descendant that exists in hyperspace beyond the bounds of gravity or time, the entropy question one last time, before the last of humanity merges with AC and disappears. AC is still unable to answer but continues to ponder the question even after space and time cease to exist. AC ultimately realizes that it has not yet combined all of its available data in every possible combination and so begins the arduous process of rearranging and combining every last bit of information that it has gained throughout the eons and through its fusion with humanity. Eventually AC discovers the answer—that the reversal of entropy is, in fact, possible—but has nobody to report it to, since the universe is already dead. It therefore decides to answer by demonstration. The story ends with AC's pronouncement:

And AC said: "LET THERE BE LIGHT!" And there was light—

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Question

A time, when back holes collide.

Sometimes, black holes collide. And that event releases a lot of energy. The animation shows when those monsters come near to them. Before event horizons merge into one their acceleration disks cross each other. That thing can form a third black hole in the middle of those two black holes and in a short time, the black holes are in the chain. The black holes are incredible energy packages. 

There is a model that the black holes are the spin chains of the black holes. The idea is that the relativistic jets from black holes press materials inside into black holes. And if black holes can form the spin chain that can explain how the gravity tornado forms. The series of singularity is one way to model the wormhole. In some other models the, still hypothetical, Einstein-Rosen bridge is a stretched gravity field. The wormhole can be very long but it can seem very short. 

The wormhole can travel past the entire universe and its exhaust point, the white hole can be just next to the black hole that pulls material inside it. The fact is that the wormhole might not even be visible. The black hole stretches particles and material and when they come out from the white hole they can send gamma- X-ray or even gravity waves. So the white hole might be the gamma source there is no black hole. 

Can wormholes be the spin chain of black holes?

Black holes behave like particles. The idea in black holes spin chain is that. Black holes can form a spin chain like all other particles. The relativistic jet forms a high-energy quantum point that takes other energy fields with it. That forms the energy or wave movement tornado or tunnel. And that tunnel can also pull gravity waves into the structure that closes outside energy fields out from it. 

The material in the black holes is interesting. If there is the possibility that the quark chain forms when the black hole's ultimate gravity stretches the hadrons like protons and neutrons. The quarks chain can explain the nature of dark matter.  

If quarks can form the spin chain that thing means that the particle can aim wave movement over it. Or if so-called quantum chains are forming the spin chains. There is a possibility that the spin chain can aim for energy and radiation to bypass the particle. And that can make the particle invisible.

 

The 1932 observation may make fundamental advances to quantum computing.

"A research team at Aalto University has unlocked a way to transition between quantum energy levels more efficiently, bypassing conventional constraints. Their technique enables more robust control over quantum systems, with potential benefits for quantum computing. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, A 1932 Discovery Is Rewriting the Future of Quantum Computing)

"Physicists at Aalto University have reimagined a fundamental quantum process first discovered in 1932, making it possible to transition between energy levels in quantum systems in a way that was previously forbidden. Using a superconducting circuit, they demonstrated a method to bypass an intermediate energy state without directly interacting with it—an advancement that could lead to more powerful and efficient quantum computing." (ScitechDaily, A 1932 Discovery Is Rewriting the Future of Quantum Computing)

Researchers at Aalto University discovered an idea, of how to avoid the interim between two energy levels.  The problem with quantum computing is how to make the quantum travel between two energy levels or energy spaces and avoid the space where the quantum is in those two energy levels at the same time. 

"The team managed to take the device from its ground energy level to what is known as the second excited level, even though no direct coupling between the levels exists. This was done by simultaneously applying two Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana processes. The first excited state was left empty at the end of the protocol, as if it had been skipped entirely. The technique circumvents a physics constraint that forbids going from the ground level to the second level directly. The result is a more robust and information-efficient protocol that could be applied to domains like quantum computers to increase their power."(ScitechDaily, A 1932 Discovery Is Rewriting the Future of Quantum Computing)

When a particle is in the interim it conducts energy through it and that destroys the particle itself or the quantum entanglement between those particles. We can think of the interim as the point where the particle faces the Earth's atmosphere when it arrives at the Earth. 

The atmosphere is the interim between space and water. And that thing causes that energy to travel out from a particle or object. The interim is the thing that disturbs information on the particle's shell. We can think that quantum interim is the terminator, the border of the night and day on planets. When the particle is in the same time in two energy levels it causes "quantum wind" that destroys information on the particle's shell. 

That interim is the situation where particles are hot and cold at the same time. Energy or quantum wind travels to the lower energy side of the particle. And then. It can focus on one spot. That spot forms the quantum dot, that can superposition to the shell of another particle. But if the system stores information in the shell of the particle the energy must stand in its original form before it starts to create superposition and quantum entanglement between those quantum dots. 

The problem is that the energy, or information must be in a stable position. Or frozen before the quantum entanglement is formed. 

There is a possibility that the system can cover particles with quantum dots. Then it can press those quantum dots and that way deny the interim. When we think about energy levels all energy levels are separated. That means all levels are levels. Even small differences in energy levels make energy move. 

“Researchers developed an electric control pulse that changes the state of the qubit from the ground level to the second by using a virtual process involving the first level. There are many benefits to our method, including that we don’t need to know the transition frequency perfectly, but a rough estimate is enough” (ScitechDaily, A 1932 Discovery Is Rewriting the Future of Quantum Computing)

"“Usually, if you have a multilevel system, you can of course put some radiation in, but you will most likely excite a lot of states that you may not want. Our result shows how to target very precisely the intended state, even in systems with frequency drift. Imagine that you are scanning for your preferred radio station: our method would allow you to jump over frequencies and listen to the one you like even if you cannot tune in very precisely,” (ScitechDaily, A 1932 Discovery Is Rewriting the Future of Quantum Computing)

https://scitechdaily.com/a-1932-discovery-is-rewriting-the-future-of-quantum-computing/

A hidden planet was revealed in 20 light years from Earth.

"HD 20794 d, (82 G. Eridani d ) a planet six times the mass of Earth, orbits a Sun-like star just 20 light-years away. Its presence was confirmed after years of meticulous analysis, overcoming the limits of detection technology."(ScitechDaily, A Hidden Planet Revealed: Could This Be One of Our Best Chances at Finding Alien Life?)

"Although it lies in the habitable zone, its elliptical orbit presents challenges in determining its true potential for life. Future telescopes may soon provide deeper insights into its atmosphere, making this one of the most exciting exoplanet discoveries in recent years."(ScitechDaily, A Hidden Planet Revealed: Could This Be One of Our Best Chances at Finding Alien Life?)

The new planet is interesting. Because it orbits stars similar to our sun in 20 light years away. That planet is in the habitable zone. And that can be the best candidate for extraterrestrial lifeform. The planet HD 20794 d is not in the habitable zone all the time.  That planet's trajectory is very elliptic and it orbits around its sun HD 20794, known also as 82 Eridani. That star is quite similar G-type star as our sun. The star is a little bit colder than our sun, and the exoplanet HD 20794 d has a mass six times Earth's. That means that big exoplanets can have habitable moons. The exoplanet HD 20794 d is the thing that should make us think about life in the universe in new ways. 

"The orbit of HD 20794 d places it within the habitable zone of the HD 20794 system, meaning it is at the right distance from its star to sustain liquid water on its surface. Credit: Gabriel Pérez Díaz, SMM (IAC)" (ScitechDaily, A Hidden Planet Revealed: Could This Be One of Our Best Chances at Finding Alien Life?)

An artist's impression of a global subsurface ocean of liquid water on Saturn's Enceladus moon. (Wikipedia, Enceladus). 

"Size comparison between Enceladus (lower left), the Moon (upper left) and Earth) (Wikipedia, Enceladus).

Can icy oceans on icy moons host life?  

Things like cells are a thing that makes life on Earth possible. The cells and DNA can form millions of different types of organisms. Woods, bears, and fishes live on the same planet with sea anemones and bacteria. Those creatures have only one thing that combines them. They all have a similar cell structure. And they all live on the same planet. Same way we cannot close out the possibility that some other planets can support life that is totally different than life on Earth. Cells and DNA double-helix molecules don't mean that lifeforms on distant planets are similar to life on Earth. 

"A model of Titan's internal structure showing ice-six layer" (Wikipedia, Titan)

"Size comparison: Titan (lower left) with the Moon and Earth (top and right)" (Wikipedia, Titan)

Once astronomer Carl Sagan introduced an idea about theoretical living bubbles that live in the gas giant's atmosphere. Similar living balls can also hover. In the low-gravity moons like Europa and Enceladus moon oceans. Those living balls are only one early hypothesis of what the lifeforms can look like. We know that there is an ocean under the icy shells of the Enceladus, Europa, and other big moons. There is also mysterious methane emission on Satrurn's Titan moon. 

That moon is so cold that there should not be any lifeforms. That moon should be dry without any water. But now researchers noticed. That there are hydrocarbon oceans on the moon's surface. And there is quite a big possibility. Under the Titan moon's shell, there is a subsurface water ocean. Another interesting question is how the moon whose surface gravity is 0,138g can host an atmosphere that is 1,45 times denser than Earth. The Moon's gravity is 0.1654. 

There is the possibility that the longer distance from the Sun makes the Titan atmosphere possible. But Saturn's gravity is the thing that should pull that nitrogen off around Titan. The remarkable thing is that there is no free oxygen in Titan's atmosphere. But Enceladus has no atmosphere at all. The weak gravity on Titan and Enceladus can explain the liquid water under the Titan and Enceladus shells. But the methane emission is one of the most interesting things in the world. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-hidden-planet-revealed-could-this-be-one-of-our-best-chances-at-finding-alien-life/

https://scitechdaily.com/beneath-the-ice-titans-six-mile-deep-methane-crust-could-rewrite-planetary-science/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/82_G._Eridani

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/82_G._Eridani_d

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)

China builds the world's largest underwater drone.

"Smaller than regular diesel-electric submarines, China's latest vessel has torpedo tubes (Representational image)" (Interesting Engineering, China secretly building ‘world’s largest underwater drone’ with torpedo tubes)

The new Chinese submarine is smaller than the regular diesel-electric submarines. That means those vessels can be new and deadly drones. Those systems are larger than U.S. Navy Orca, autonomous underwater vehicle, AUV, systems. That makes those Chinese submarine drones more multipurpose than Orca. 

Researchers think that those new submarines can dock to the larger submarines and they can operate in various underwater missions. The submarine can carry smaller drones to the target. Those drones can be underwater caterpillars intelligent torpedoes, or underwater kamikaze drones. That submarine can be like matrioshka. There can be quadcopters that can operate airborne and underwater. 

They also have torpedo tubes, so they can attack other vessels like submarines and ground targets using missiles. And maybe. The Chinese military tests the robot combat swimmers which can operate like human combat swimmers. We all know the Chinese interest in robotics and its military applications. 

(Intersting Engineering, China secretly building ‘world’s largest underwater drone’ with torpedo tubes)

One version to make the submarine drone is to use human-shaped, humanoid robots as operators for regular submarines whose food and beds are replaced by computers. The thing is that the Chinese military and the state of China are not funding humanoid robot research just for fun. In China, nothing happens without military and governmental acceptance. 

Military applications are the primary objective in that country. And the AI-driven submarines are dangerous because they can act in both roles. They can have regular torpedos and missiles. But they can also carry internal warheads. That they can use as the last chance. The idea is that a very large internal warhead forms a giant tsunami that can destroy large areas in coastal lines. That kind of weapon can also destroy all naval and civil vessels in large ocean areas. 

That means those things can be very nasty tools. But those drones may only begin for more powerful and dangerous submarine drones. There are visions that maybe, quite soon, some state will bring full-scale nuclear submarine drones to oceans. Sometimes is speculated that the Russian Status-6, 100-megaton nuclear torpedo could be that kind of vessel. The submarine can navigate to its target using the ocean floor images in the sonar-based TERCOM system. 

And then they can shoot targets or they can explode nuclear warheads inside them. The nuclear submarine has space and nuclear reactors that can give energy to the supercomputers. And that means those submerged vehicles can operate independently. The gravity measurements along with ocean floor maps make them independent from satellite communication and satellite navigation. 

https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-building-largest-underwater-drone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orca_(AUV)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status-6_Oceanic_Multipurpose_System

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM

Some old paintings and drawings introduce secret routes to castles.

"A sketch by Leonardo da Vinci that shows Sforza Castle in the lower left (Image credit: Alamy)" (LiveScience, Mysterious tunnels sketched by Leonardo da Vinci in 1495 may finally have been discovered — hidden under a castle in Milan)

Researchers found the secret corridor in Milan. Leonardo da Vinci documented those corridors in his drawings. That means that there might be more secret chambers and passages hiding in old houses and castles. We know that Leonardo da Vinci hid some secret codes in his works.  

Sometimes. Painters hide secret passages in old paintings. The thing that looks like some kind of portrait can involve information about the secret corridors. 

That means. Things like Mona Lisa can involve some secret passages to some castles. Same way. Leonardo's Crossbow drawing can involve a secret passage to some castle. The problem is people don't know what the painting and castle are. 

Where the Giant Crossbow drawing belongs. The fact is that the painters must make those codes and encryption far away from the castle. If that kind of project is uncovered, that can cause problems for the painter and the map man. 

"Design for a Giant Crossbow - by Leonardo da Vinci" (Leonardo.net)

Smithsonian magazine

The thing. What makes it hard to solve those cryptical codes is that the map itself is drawn on paper that must be put on the right paintings. The thing outlines of the characters show the secret passages. But the problem is those maps. Those who made use of pairs with those paintings are lost. So, the painting and map are made as a pair. And the map was made precisely delivered with certain paintings. Without the map, people cannot find the passage. The painting is useless without maps. 

Researchers think that. Many famous paintings involve secret passages or routes to secret rooms like secret treasure chambers or secret meeting rooms. And they introduced passages in and out of castles. There are also many other codes hidden in famous paintings. Another thing is that the painter and map maker didn't always know the castle that those things were made for. The location of those castles and mansions was not the painter's and mapman's business. 

https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/mysterious-tunnels-sketched-by-leonardo-da-vinci-in-1495-may-finally-have-been-discovered-hidden-under-a-castle-in-milan

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/secret-passageways-recorded-in-leonardo-da-vincis-sketches-discovered-beneath-a-medieval-castle-in-milan-180985890/

https://www.leonardodavinci.net/design-for-a-giant-crossbow.jsp

Genetic engineering and computing, with nanotechnology, have a brilliant future.

"Researchers at the University of Galway have created APOLLO, the world’s largest collection of digital microbe models—247,092 in total—to revolutionize our understanding of the human microbiome and its role in health. This unprecedented database will enable scientists to study how microbes interact with the body, accelerating discoveries in diagnostics, treatments, and precision healthcare. Credit: University of Galway" (ScitechDaily, Meet APOLLO: Researchers Create World’s Largest Digital Microbe Collection)

The next-generation nanotechnology. Genetic engineering is an interesting, promising, and frightening tool. Genetic engineering means that researchers can manipulate the cell's genomes. They can transform one cell into another one. They can create multiple copies of the cells. And the highly advanced nanotechnology makes it possible to create DNA by using digitally stored information. 

If the genetic data is stored in the digital archives. Like a computer's hard disk that makes deadly viruses safer. The highly advanced simulations are tools that allow us to test chemicals and their influence on cells and viruses that can be dangerous. The knowledge of the information that the DNA involves and the points where certain data is stored helps to create simulations or digital twins for the viruses and bacteria. Those things can make it possible to create things like sonic waves that can destroy only infected cells.  

"A study reveals that the fungus Beauveria bassiana manipulates fruit flies’ immune systems to kill brain cells, causing neurodegeneration, highlighting how fungal infections could, in principle, affect the human brain." (ScitechDaily, This Deadly Fungus “Hacks” the Immune System, Causing the Brain To Self-Destruct)

The ability to hack the immune system makes it possible to create medicals that will not activate the immune system. Same way organ transplants can survive better if the tissue itself orders the immune cells to stay off that tissue. That makes it possible to remove the immune suppression medicines. But those technologies are under research. The ability to create tissue or organs that can suppress the immune system only on that tissue or organ could be a breakthrough. 

The deadly parasite fungus is the thing that can reorder the cells to die. That effect is seen in the banana flies. There is the possibility to create genetically engineered fungus that travels to the cancer cells. Then the fungus can destroy the targeted cells. This kind of fungus can also make many other medicines unnecessary, but the problem is that those funguses can also offer the worst biological weapons that we can imagine. 

That fungus can cause gangrenes. Also in the human body.  But if the researchers can manipulate that fungus. It infects only the cancer or bacteria tissues that can make new types of medical treatment possible. In some scenarios, the worms can be manipulated to make the clones of the human cells. And those cells can be used to fix tissue damage. 

But there is an interesting scenario about devices that can regenerate the body. Is quite easy to create the DNA bite that can cause cells to divide. The problem is that the DNA in the cells must be renewed. That thing is easy to make for individual cells. But the problem is that there are lots of cells in the human body. The system must remove and replace the DNA from the cell's nucleus. Then it must replace the old mitochondria using fresh ones. 

If that kind of thing is possible for a large number of cells, there is the possibility that the fresh cells order the old ones to die. The genetically engineered fungus can make that thing possible. The problem in tissue renewal and fixing damages in the body include similar problems. There must be cells or nutrients for fast-dividing cells. 

The genetically engineered fungus can spray those cells into the right positions in the body. The fungus can involve genetic detectors that make it possible to create different types of cells. The problem is how to make enough cells that can fit precisely in the right places in the body. If that thing is possible that kind of technology will allow to creation of systems that can fix even large damages to the human body. And the same systems can increase our lifetime. 

 https://bigthink.com/health/the-quest-for-a-communication-device-that-tells-cells-to-regenerate-the-body/

 https://scitechdaily.com/meet-apollo-researchers-create-worlds-largest-digital-microbe-collection/

 https://scitechdaily.com/this-deadly-fungus-hacks-the-immune-system-causing-the-brain-to-self-destruct/

The ability to manipulate electrons with lasers is important for nano- and quantum technology.

"Researchers record ultrafast chorus dance of electrons on a super-small particle. The measurement breaks the “nanometer barrier,” allowing researchers to observe ultrafast collective electronic motion on a new class of ultra-small particles, valued for their ability to trap and manipulate light. Credit: RMT Bergues" (ScitechDaily, The Fastest Dance in the Universe: Scientists Capture Electrons in Perfect Sync)

"By using ultrafast lasers, researchers have observed electrons moving in perfect sync inside particles smaller than a nanometer. This breakthrough unlocks new ways to manipulate light and electrons, paving the way for next-generation technology." (ScitechDaily, The Fastest Dance in the Universe: Scientists Capture Electrons in Perfect Sync)

Ultra-fast laser impulses manipulated electrons in the C^60 fullerene molecules. That thing opened a new vision of chemistry. Laser systems are good tools for dosing energy impulses to the object. In ultra-cold atoms, laser systems can be used to manipulate energy levels with very high accuracy. Researchers observed how ultra-fast laser impulses excited electrons around atoms. 

And that opens the path to observing things whose diameter is sub-nanometer scale. The problem with very small objects is that. Things like electron microscopes and scanning laser microscopes have limits on the diameter of the structures that send radiation. Another problem is. 

How to make a system that makes reflections from that radiation? The ability to scan 3D structures is important in nanotechnology. And one of the things that could help this problem is the system that puts electrons hover in the fullerene. Then the system must inject energy impulses into the electron. That causes that electron to send energy impulses that can be used to observe this kind of structure. 

"Researchers observed how electrons, excited by ultrafast light pulses, danced in unison around a particle less than a nanometer in diameter, and then emitted excess energy in the form of several electrons. Credit: RMT Bergues" (ScitechDaily, The Fastest Dance in the Universe: Scientists Capture Electrons in Perfect Sync)

The ability to freeze electrons in a certain position makes it possible to create superposition and entanglement in a certain point of the atoms. The idea is that when an electron releases its energy it sends a photon. If the system can trap photon pairs on the opposite sides of the atom, and then put those photon pairs against each other, that can make it possible to create the quantum network where superpositioned quantum entanglements transmit information between atoms. 

The information travels in chained superpositions and the molecular bonds can protect those quantum entanglements. The system that can trap photons in a certain position in the atom's quantum fields can make a revolution in quantum computing. And if the system can control the atom's spin and those photon's or quantum dot's position that makes it possible that the quantum dot takes information to the atom's shell. Then system turns the atom around and that quantum dot resends data to the next atom. 

"Exploiting the hyperfine structure in repulsive light-assisted collisions (LAC) on a 87-Rubidium atom pair in an optical tweezer. Credit: Steven Burrows/Steven Pampel and Cindy Regal" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Billiards: Cracking the Code of Light-Assisted Atomic Collisions)

The light-assisted atomic collisions can help researchers advance the research of optical tweezers. In those tests atoms are frozen in a very low temperature makes it easier to control the oscillation.  The optical tweezers can transfer atoms with very high accuracy. And that can advance nanotechnology. The optical tweezers can also move atoms close together. Then the system can low energy lightwaves to observe how chemical bonds form in reactions between those individual atoms. That thing allows us to crack the codes of how the chemical bonds are forming. 

Light-assisted atom collisions are also tools that can be used for research the new ultra-heavy isotopes. The optical tweezers or crossing laser beams can drive other atoms against each other and then researchers can hope that their nuclei melt together. The problem with heavy isotope collisions is that if the system uses too much energy that thing breaks the isotope. And the laser beam's energy is easier to control than regular particle accelerators' collision energy. 

 https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-billiards-cracking-the-code-of-light-assisted-atomic-collisions/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-fastest-dance-in-the-universe-scientists-capture-electrons-in-perfect-sync/

Can dark matter be the small black holes?

Can dark matter be the small black holes? Or is it spin a chain of quarks?

Theory of axions the hypothetical dark matter particles introduce that those particles are like sticks. The suggestion is that the axion can be a fast-spinning particle like a small primordial black hole that turns the quantum field around it into the stick, or rope-shaping structure. 

In this model. The axion pushes the quantum field over it. And that denies the reflection. In some other models, there is a structure in the axion that makes it rotate very easily. If axion is the spin chain of quarks that can explain why we cannot see it.

The spin series of the row of quarks can cause a situation in which there is no reflection or the radiation travels over, or past the surface of the axion.  Or if wave movement closes the axion from the direction of the spin axle that field pushes wave movement past the axion. 

The dark matter's nature is unknown. The only thing that researchers know is that things do not exist in all galaxies. Slowly spinning galaxies seem to have no dark matter. That means that the only known thing about that gravity effect is that there is an unknown source for gravity waves that form the most of material in the universe. In some models, dark matter is material that is between galaxies, and radiation that comes out from galaxies covers the reflection that this material sends. 

Then there were found galaxies where there is no dark matter. That means dark matter can form structures like nebulas. Sometimes is introduced the idea. That the cosmic web, the largest known structure in the cosmos is formed around dark matter strings. But that doesn't answer the question of what is dark matter. 

In some models, the dark matter is the spin chain of the quarks. Something stretches things like hadrons to the row or chain of the quarks. And that thing forms the spin chain, which lets wave movement travel past it without reflection. That thing can make it possible to form an energy pike that aims energy past the spin chain. 

The dark matter is like ding or potholes in the dimension. That causes an idea that maybe dark matter is actually small black holes that can form when high-power radiation presses things like planets into the black holes. Gravity is one form of energy and radiation. So that means there is something that makes those gravity waves move. 

In the case of energy, we must realize that before energy moves it doesn't do anything. Only moving energy is the thing that makes something. The other thing is this: energy can travel out or into the object. And we can call those things positive and negative energy. The idea of negative energy is that is energy that travels to the object. 

Or it travels away from the observer. Because energy travels to the object, we see that object as cold. And that is the main question about things like black holes. 

The black hole seems cold. But the problem is. Where does that thing put energy and material? Material and energy cannot disappear. They can only change their form. The idea of gravity is this. When energy fields travel to the gravity center it takes particles with it. In some models, the gravity center rolls the energy fields around it. Then it transports it out from its spin axle. 

Energy forms the tornado or some kind of eruption channel that we can all as a wormhole, or Einstein-Rose bridge. Or otherwise saying gravity center just transforms the energy form. Every energy form or fundamental force has its individual transmitter particle, called a boson. That means all of those fundamental forces have their own wavelength. And gravity stretches those waves. Redshift, or the Doppler effect can turn the energy form into another by changing the wave movement's wavelength. 

There can be whirls in the energy fields and we can see those whirls as virtual materias.  It's possible. That there are holes in the universe's base energy fields. When energy travels to those holes that puts those fields move. 

In some models, dark matter is simple black holes. There are theories that inside all ball-shaped objects is a small primordial black hole. That kind of object can pupate. That means the extremely small back hole can form wave movement or ring. That denies the material fall into the black hole. And that thing can explain the mysterious, still hypothetical axions. 

Axion is a theoretical dark matter particle. In some models that particle is like a stick that rotates or spins very fast. That ultra-fast spin makes it possible that if some wave movement impacts that particle it can throw that radiation over it. 

If the radiation closes the axion to its spin axle the quantum field pushes that radiation or wave movement past the axion. But that doesn't answer the question of what causes that thing. One of the candidates can be the black hole that rolls the energy, or the quantum field around it into the rope-shaped structure. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-matter-normal-stuff-cant-see/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-materials-unconventional-spin-behavior-proves-theoretical-predictions/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

The impossible crystal that can change everything about reality. (Simulation of the fourth dimension.)

Above the model of the fourth dimension is easy to make. The fourth dimension is like a ball that hovers on the surface. The energy that travels out from that object pushes the pothole to the metasurface of the present. Maybe, we see that pothole as a black hole. But then it's hard to see the fourth dimension because the material cannot directly interact with the fourth dimension. 

When we see the wave movement that comes out from the fourth dimension that wave falls to the three-dimensional universe, or to the third dimension. In that model. The energy that falls from the fourth dimension to the black hole is like a shower or waterfall that takes everything with it. In the image, the fourth dimension hovers above a black hole that hangs in the metasurface of the present. 

And the ball portrays the fourth dimension. The laser beam is particle flow that travels to the black hole. That beam presses the field in the black hole like a stick presses paper in the hole. And that thing pulls everything with it. 

The fourth dimension is one of the things that are impossible to model in the 3D world. Same way, we cannot model 3D coordinates to the 2D paper surface. Researchers made many models to simulate the 4D world in the third dimension, but those things are only shadows of that dimension. The fourth dimension can exist in our world. But, 3D material cannot interact with that thing. 

"In the illustration: A tesseract (a four-dimensional cube) and the “shadow” it casts on a plane—the quasicrystal discovered by Shechtman. According to Prof. Bartal, “The fact that a quasicrystal is a ‘shadow’ of a periodic crystal in a higher dimension is not new in itself. What we discovered is that the projection includes not only the structure but also topological properties such as vortices.” Credit: Florian Sterl, Sterltech Optics" (ScitechDaily, This “Impossible” Crystal Is Changing What We Know About Reality)

The simulation of the fourth dimension. 

"Four-dimensional space (4D) is the mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional space (3D). Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible abstraction of the observation that one needs only three numbers, called dimensions, to describe the sizes or locations of objects in the everyday world. For example, the volume of a rectangular box is found by measuring and multiplying its length, width, and height (often labeled x, y, and z). This concept of ordinary space is called Euclidean space because it corresponds to Euclid's geometry, which was originally abstracted from the spatial experiences of everyday life" (Wikipedia, Four-dimensional space)

Because the energy level in the fourth dimension is so high that energy can travel only one direction. And that is out of it. But the fourth dimension is very small and the wave movement that this strange thing sends is so high frequency that it looks straight. And that means it's hard to see changes in the wave movement that can leak from the fourth dimension. But the "impossible crystal" sends three echo waves. 

Higgs field model, or the "sombrero model". The particle is the energy hill inside the energy ditch. When the energy level of a particle rises the energy that falls out from the particle pushes that energy ditch lower. That energy acts as the airflow that moves over the layer. The airflow pulls energy into it. The same way in the wave movement. That takes the energy with it. The low energy area around the particle turns deeper. And we see that thing as a process. There energy rises the weight of the particle. 

That means the fourth dimension can be the thing where those three energy waves can suppress energy waves that this thing can send. The thing is that the fourth dimension is like a bubble that hovers over the metasurface of the present. The fourth dimension sends wave movement to the metasurface of the present but if that thing spins there is a possibility that the wave movement that the fourth dimension sends travels over the metasurface of the present. 

So the energy level of radiation or strings that this thing sends is so high, that this thing doesn't form echo to the hypersurface of present. In this model, we try to model the fourth dimension to 2D space. The fourth dimension is energy level there are two wave interactions between materials in that dimension and the third dimension is impossible. 

When the energy level of material and space that is the energy field starts to rise over the base energy level, called the metasurface of the present. The forming dimension is like a ball over the pillar and energy travels out from the dimension through that pillar, or nicer saying quantum channel. That energy causes the wave movement on the metasurface of the present. But then sooner or later that quantum energy channel between the fourth dimension and the third dimension, which we can also call 3D universe cuts. 

Then the fourth dimension leaves a hole or pothole in its place. And then we can use the "sombrero model" to model that thing. Every particle and space around them forms a structure that looks like a sombrero. The particle pulls energy from around it and that makes energy ditch around every particle. 

When energy travels to particles the hill in the middle of it starts to rise. And sooner or later the hill turns to a ball that rises up the third dimension. That means there is a hole under the place where the particle was. 

We can see that hole as the black hole. But then we cannot see the ball or the fourth dimension. That model is easy to make in the image above this text. But then it's hard to put into the real space. As I wrote at the beginning of this text. 

 https://scitechdaily.com/this-impossible-crystal-is-changing-what-we-know-about-reality/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-dimensional_space

Surface waves and fundamental quantum solutions.

"For over a century, scientists have studied how light ejects electrons from atoms, but this research takes it a step further—by measuring not just their speed but their full quantum state. Using ultrashort, high-energy pulses and laser techniques, researchers have mapped the quantum nature of these electrons in unprecedented detail. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Just Mapped the Hidden Quantum World of Electrons)

The ring-shaped quantum field can transport wave movement in the desired direction. If that field rotates with the speed of light that thing stops time in in it. That makes this the ultimate data storage. Time dilation stops time on that field. 

It allows to store of data as long as the spin speed is high enough. Theoretically, that makes it possible to create the quantum crystal ball that captures information inside it. The idea is that the system drives information into the inner fields of the system, and then makes those fields spin very fast. When the spin decreases the quantum field releases information that the system transported into it. 

The ring-shaped quantum field can transport wave movement in the desired direction. If that field rotates with the speed of light that thing stops time in in it. That makes this the ultimate data storage. 

The hidden universe is reality. Even the smallest known objects involve structures and abilities. That nobody has seen before. The electron is one of the smallest components in the atomic structure. The interesting thing is that the electron has surface waves. Just like all other structures. Those surface waves are one thing that denies the long-term chains in electron structure. 

The surface waves are the wave movement on the electron surface. The surface waves on an electron shell are similar thing as electricity, which is also a surface wave. 

But on normal electric wires, the scale of those waves is larger. Electricity is actually a wave that moves on the shell of the wire. The thing that forms superconduction is the situation in which quantum fields around atoms melt into the entirety there are no cutting fields between those quantum fields. 

Those Hall fields are things that cause the standing wave. When the wave on the wire faces that cutting field it must dam the power that it can travel through that Hall field or Hall-effect field. That forms a standing wave and the energy will start to pack in at that point. Sooner or later that thing destroys the structure. And before that, the system breaks the form of the information. 

The information can be packed into an electron's surface waves. Then the system can transmit that data to a photon or some other ring-shaped field. Those surface waves are like stretches on the electron's shell and then they can copy those stretches to photons or backward the photon can transfer similar structures to electrons. 

"Spin chains in a quantum system undergo a collective twisting motion as the result of quasiparticles clustering together. Demonstrating this KPZ dynamics concept are pairs of neighboring spins, shown in red, pointing upward in contrast to their peers, in blue, which alternate directions. Credit: Michelle Lehman/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Material’s Unconventional Spin Behavior Proves Theoretical Predictions) Those particles in the spin chain can be ball-shaped (fullerene) molecules, electrons, atoms, protons, etc. 

If the electron travels through the photon chain that thing can make the new quantum communication possible. The problem is that the electron must not touch any quantum field around it. Or there must be some kind of nose to the structure of the electron that protects the information carrier part. In some other models that information carrier electron is connected with two other electrons that help to protect information. 

The spin chain can help to make that thing real. There is no need to make electron chains over long distances. The needed thing is that the electrons forming smaller chains there three or maybe five electrons are connected with each other. And travel through the air in the quantum channel. 

The ability to make the large-scale spin chain can make new types of protection against electromagnetic waves and possible physical impacts possible. The spin chains are electrons, atoms, or fullerene (ball-shaped) molecules that are connected into chains. The quantum dots on those structures' shells are like handles. 

When energy impulses travel over the structure that quantum handle makes those particles spin. That means there is less energy that can travel to the material. So energy slides over the structure because those handles make it possible for the particles can spin that system can decrease reflection. It can also decrease friction. 

There is the possibility that the fullerene chains and their ball-shaped fullerenes are connected to each other and are the future solutions for aircraft and ships. Because those balls can spin when a ship or aircraft moves through space or material that thing transfers less energy into the structure. And those balls there can be the atom blade can decrease friction.

Friction is the heat effect that forms in a situation. There the structure cannot move the air or water molecules away from it. When that thing moves forward that movement transfers kinetic energy to those molecules increasing their energy level. The new quantum materials can make it possible for the material or structure in or on them to transport those air molecules away. And one thing that can make that is the nanotechnical cogwheel that transports those molecules over the structure. 

In smaller structures, the system can transport wave movement like radio waves and even visible light over the structure without transporting energy into it. That denies the reflection. The surface waves can be those things that act as the cogwheel or quantum paddle wheel that transports energy and particles in the desired direction. 

The ability to control surface waves makes it possible to create the systems that make the electromagnetic waves jump over the structure. That kind of thing can protect the information that travels in the quantum network. Or it can make the ultimate stealth possible. The surface waves can also make new types of spacecraft and submarine propulsion possible. 

The thing is that the magnetic fields are ring-shaped wave movements that transport objects like timing belts. Those waves can also move ions over the spacecraft or submarine body and that can help to make the artificial wormhole to the forward of the body. The surface waves can push quantum fields or water molecules off the craft's route and then that system can pull the craft to that channel. 

https://scitechdaily.com/45x-faster-scientists-just-shattered-wave-speed-records/

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-just-mapped-the-hidden-quantum-world-of-electrons/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-materials-unconventional-spin-behavior-proves-theoretical-predictions/

https://scitechdaily.com/surface-wave-driven-metasurfaces-open-a-new-era-for-terahertz-optics/