Could the origin of dark energy be in an empty bubble of the universe?

Sometimes is introduced very interesting theory about the origin of dark energy. The theory claims that the empty bubbles in the universe are the origin of dark energy. 

The idea is that when photons and all other particles are traveling in the empty bubble they are traveling faster than outside that bubble. And when those particles are smashing to the edge of the empty bubble that particle releases its energy in the form of wave movement. 

When a particle would fly in an empty bubble where the effect of the quantum fields is lower than other places in the universe there is the possibility that the particle's speed will rise higher than it would be in the regular universe. And when the particle travels outside the empty bubble. It will release its kinetic energy to the universe around it. 

When that particle hits the "core" of the bubble of nothingness. It releases energy when its speed is slowing. The energy will transmit to the quantum fields of atoms and ions. 

The thing that makes those empty bubbles interesting is the thing that is in those areas quantum fields are weaker than in a normal universe. The quantum fields are the thing that slows the particles. And if the quantum fields are weak that means the speed of particles would be higher than usual. 

There is a couple of explanations for the empty bubbles. The first explanation is that the black holes are cleaned the space from material in those areas. Another explanation would be that the quantum fields of the atoms of the interstellar nebulas are somehow expanded and pushed other material away from that area. 

In the wildest ideas, the new universes are born in those empty areas where is no gas or electromagnetic radiation. If that new universe is forming of particles that are a different size to particles that we know. We could not see that new universe. 

When particles travel through that bubble. The radiation or photons that interact with those particles are increasing their energy. And their speed will rise to the level which crosses their maximum speed in the normal universe. 

https://earthsky.org/space/is-our-universe-a-bubble/

https://interestingengineering.com/astronomers-just-spotted-a-colossal-empty-hole-in-space

https://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-have-found-a-giant-spherical-cavity-in-space

Image:https://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-have-found-a-giant-spherical-cavity-in-space

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

There are lots of data stored in superconducting material in the universe.

 

Scientists have long time predicted that there is a connection between the physical universe and information. All material in the universe can turn to energy and backward. So energy is wave movement. And wave movement is information. 

When we are thinking about information like wave movement and especially radio waves there is lots of data stored in superconducting material all around the universe. The problem is how to make that information come out from material? 

But if that thing is someday possible to make. That thing would bring new data about the beginning of the universe and even aliens. The thing is that the metal bites are storing data if they are superconducting. And that data can download to the computers. The process is similar to the qubit and the system must know precisely the frequencies and power of the radio transmission. 

The data is downloaded to the radio by using an antenna or the object will stress from the opposite side by using radio waves. And in that case, the radio signal is used as a carrier. The receiver will observe the changes in the carrier wave. And that thing will make it possible to return the data that is stored in the particles. Of course, the process is not so easy as I described. 

Sources

https://scitechdaily.com/physicist-quantifies-amount-of-information-in-entire-visible-universe/

The black hole laser can have quantum computer and communication applications.

How it works: diagram showing how a soliton (top) plays the role of a mirrored laser cavity (bottom). (Courtesy: Haruna Katayama/Hiroshima University)(https://physicsworld.com/a/black-hole-laser-could-have-quantum-computing-applications/)

The X- or gamma-rays can use for non-radio communication through walls. 

In some visions, robots of tomorrow would communicate by using X-ray systems. The robots are using cathode rays and X-ray cameras for communicating through walls. The X- or gamma-ray-based communication system can make it possible to make a communication system that is impossible to track. 

That kind of theoretical communication system is always immune against the radiosonde.  In the future robots can use X-ray systems for communicating in areas where is lots of radio turbulence. And if some systems like eavesdropping equipment are using X-ray LED for communication that makes them impossible to detect. And the same systems can use to make the X- or gamma-ray images of the targets. So those systems will be multipurpose tools. 

Hawking radiation could be an interesting tool for communication. 

The principle of the black hole laser is simple. The laser ray will target to soliton which increases the power of the wave movement. And when the power of the wave movement is high enough that thing should transmit Hawking radiation to outside the soliton. Term soliton means the wave packet that strengths itself. Hawking radiation is one of the most interesting things that can use to transmit data. 

Only black holes are creating this type of radiation. And that means the Hawking radiation can use to data transporter. There is the possibility to make a laser system that can transmit data by using Hawking radiation. If there is some kind of sensor that can receive Hawking radiation. 

And transfer it to the electric signal that things can use to communicate through walls by using some other electromagnetic radiation than radio waves. The Hawking radiation along with Gamma- and X-ray frequencies could open new routes to communication technology. Those frequencies of radiation offer a new way to communicate through walls. 

https://physicsworld.com/a/black-hole-laser-could-have-quantum-computing-applications/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton

Image:https://physicsworld.com/a/black-hole-laser-could-have-quantum-computing-applications/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/2021/10/there-are-lots-of-data-stored-in.html

The galactic civilizations

Futuristic alien city

The galactic civilizations or Kardashev scale 3 civilizations are the speculations of the models of advancing intelligent lifeforms. And I certainly hope that humans would someday in the future after thousands of years reach this scale. But the fact is that before species would turn to galactic or even interstellar scale civilization it must first conquer its solar system. 

That is the first step for conquer the entire universe. But for taking the first step in the Kardashev scale the species must have the motive to make that kind of step. Making the bases to other planets is not cheap. And that's why there must be some kind of motive for that kind of investment. 

One of the reasons why the civilization would want to establish bases and then cities to other planets could be the lack of raw materials and then overpopulation. The thing is that making the cities for ordinary people who have no training for space operations is a little bit different thing than making the base for maybe 20-50 highly-trained specialists. 

If the species want to solve the problems of overpopulation by dumping its people into space. That requires extreme high-class construction skills and also huge investments in technology.

Even the cities with a population of millions are not solving the problems of planetary-scale overpopulation. But creating large-scale bases for the other planets can cause the chain reaction that makes civilization take the next step in the Kardashev scale and conquer the other solar system. 

There can be two types of population in the civilization of tomorrow. The spaceship crew that ever land to planets. 

Those creatures might awaken during the journey. And the crew that is landing on planets. The last ones might travel in deep hypothermia or frozen in zero degrees kelvin. 

The scale of the universe is enormous. And that means if there is no faster-than-light technology the journeys between solar systems take a very long time. So the advantage of that kind of civilization can be that there are two types of citizens. 

The population that lives in the spacecraft all their life. And the population that lives on planets. Maybe the last ones are traveling between solar systems in deep hypothermia. And during those journeys, the generations of the ship crew are chancing. 

The thing is that there are lots of resources in the solar systems. But resources are not endless. And sooner or later all asteroids are used in artificial worlds and cities that are under giant domes. So the civilization would start to move to another solar system. In that case, there could be other civilizations that might resist those conquerors. 

And that can begin the star wars. The war between civilizations is not a very nice thing. The weapons that those civilizations use might be antimatter clouds and mega-lasers that can terminate entire stars. In some scenarios, the Kardashev II-scale civilization would be the biggest threat to other civilizations. 

That kind of civilization might trust its technology and skills so much that it can try to sweep other civilizations away from it. The thing is that if two civilizations are on the same technical level. That thing might force them to discuss things. And maybe death stars and antimatter cannons are helping to make bridges between civilizations. But the future might show the future of the human race? Is it bright or is it dark? The choice is us. Or our descendants. And we cannot see the future. We can just try to predict it. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale

Virgin Galactic space shuttle

Space tourism is opening the road to solar system-scale operations and stable bases at other planets. 

Space tourism is making it possible to create technology that allows non-trained persons to fly at orbiter. Those kinds of systems are needed in the most dangerous moments of space trips. The lifting-off and return are the most dangerous moments in space travel. 

Space tourism can be the key to conquering the entire solar system. Today the space tourist's journeys take quite a short time. The future can be different. And some companies are creating plans for space hotels where people could stay longer time. 

That thing can cause some kind of changes in the proteins of neurons. The article below this part of the text highlights that there are no structural damages in brains. 

The thing is that the astronauts are staying in ISS for about 4-5 months. And the space tourist spends there about 1-2 hours. So the brain damages might be not so large as they could. 

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931125

Image:https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/virgin-galactic-richard-branson

https://webelieveinabrightfuture.blogspot.com/

About the history of computers. From binary- to quantum systems.

 

I'm just looking at my new Windows 11 update. And that thing brings interesting ideas to my mind. The research and development of quantum computers are faster than ever before. Even today we can use quantum computers by using remote connections. 

But the fast-advancing tools in that sector cause that will be the time when quantum computers are for sale in supermarkets. The development and advancement of quantum computers are following the route of binary computers. The binary computers came out from laboratories. And then they became personal equipment. 

The rise of the internet caused that the information stored in the network stations and the thing called PHP (Preprocessed Hypertext) made it possible that also small computers can use to drive complicated code. The PHP means that the system outsources complicated calculations in the calculation center. And the PHP would be the base for the systems that are used to operate quantum computers. 

If the quantum computer is installed in some calculation center. That means there is one more level in those supercomputers. The data is downloaded from the net to the binary supercomputers that are preprocessed to the quantum system. 

And the same way when quantum computers process data and finish its run it would download and turn to the binary mode by using those supercomputers. The advancing hardware means that quantum computers are turning smaller and cheaper. 

2D microchips can be stabilized by using pressure and low temperature at the same time. 

The 2D microchips are more suitable for small-size quantum devices than regular 3D structures. The reason for that is that stabilization of the 2D or flat structures is easier than 3D structures. The system can use both low temperature and pressure for stabilizing the quantum systems. 

That allows the quantum system to operate in higher temperatures than old-fashion quantum systems. The compact-size quantum computers can be the next step for computing. 

And when quantum computers are turning compact and more often. That thing means that the data that is protected by using binary computers is dangered. Even we want to resist the advancing of quantum technology we must remember the development of binary computers. 

From the first electronic computer, ENIAC was only a small step to personal digital computers. The ENIAC step into service in 1945. And the IBM PC, the first personal computer entered to markets in 1981. And if we are looking at the advancing of the computers we must realize that if somebody said that we have a 4 gt memory block in a computer that we can carry in briefcase other people said that the sayer has some problems. 

Quantum computers are advancing very high speed. And quantum computers are used to plan and research new and more powerful quantum systems. The size of quantum computers decreases. And that means the first robots that are controlled by the internal quantum computers might be a door. There is nobody who can control the development of that thing. 

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Dark matter could offer an endless energy source.

The ion technology. And virtual antigravitation. 

There is introduced an idea that the source of Hawking radiation is very close to the event horizon. The Hawking radiation is introduced being the emission radiation. Which source is in the highly energetic photons that are sometimes escaping behind the event horizon. 

But in some theories, the source of the Hawking radiation is in the high energetic interaction between dark matter particles. And if that thing is true that means when the energy level is rising high enough that can make conditions where the dark energy which is predicted being electromagnetic wave movement which source is in dark matter interaction. 

So when the energy level or temperature of dark matter is rising high enough. That thing makes the interaction between dark energy and visible material possible. In some particle-accelerator tests, the particles are put travel with extremely high speed that thing hoped to cause an impact between the visible particle and dark matter particle. 

When that particle would impact with opposite traveling particle the energy level in that impact is higher than the energy level that is driven to those particles in the particle accelerator. If that kind of interaction is possible the dark matter can offer endless energy sources. 

If we can make the fusion or antimatter reactor that uses dark matter. That thing makes it possible to make safe reactors. The radiation of those hypothetical reactions cannot affect us. 

Theoretically, there could be a possibility to create silent hovering of the "Black Triangle". By removing the quantum field below it. That technology is easier to make than use the regular ion technology. 

Maybe only rising ion cloud is enough. But that system requires a powerful ion system. There is a possibility to make the ion cloud under the craft and then the opposite polar ion field will pull ions upward. And if the power of this system is high enough. There is the possibility that rising ions are making pillar that hovers this "Black Triangle" UFO. 

When we are thinking about the levitation of antigravity spacecraft. There is the possibility to make that thing by stretching the quantum fields around the craft. Theoretically pulling the quantum field from outside by using the more powerful field that is not transmitting energy to that area is possible. So that thing causes the electromagnetic vacuum in that area. And the electromagnetic field will try to fill that area. The problem is how to deny that there is no energy pumped in the quantum field. 

If we are thinking possibility that dark energy is radiation that just does not interact with other than dark matter particles. We might think of the possibility that the source for that wave movement is the annihilation between dark matter and anti-dark matter particles. But that thing requires that the mirror-version of the dark matter exists. 

There could be an antimatter version of dark matter. 

So there could be some kind of fusions and annihilation between the dark matter particles. And in theory, those kinds of reactions can offer an endless energy source. But there is one requirement for that thing. And that requirement is that the dark energy that is released from the dark matter reaction can be conducted to the visible matter. 

The system that uses anti-dark matter and dark matter fusion or annihilation can be a black hole. First, all visible material is filtered away from it. And then the dark matter will conduct from two lines to that point. But the problem is how to make that thing in real life. 

If the fusion of annihilation between dark matter particles can benefit that thing offers an endless energy source. And that kind of energy source would be safe. The radiation that is released from those reactions would not interact with visible particles. But the problem is how to conduct the radiation which origin is in the dark matter to the regular batteries. 

https://webelieveinabrightfuture.blogspot.com/

A new photonic chip for isolating light can make new compact-size quantum microchips possible.

Things like electromagnetic radiation can deny the WLAN communication between robots and controllers. 

On Earth, robots are needed for situations that are hostile to humans. And one of the places where robots could operate is nuclear accidents. The electromagnetic radiation will cut the communication lines. And the smoke denies the use of lasers for communication between robots and their controllers. 

One of the solutions for remote control of the robots is to introduce the coffin that is connected to the robot. The human operator that lays in the coffin uses a control panel. 

And that system controls the machine through the light cable. The robot can be controlled by using a traditional controller or the operator can use BCI (brain-computer Interface) for that kind of action. 

The independently operating robots

The independently operating robots could go to places that are hostile for people. But their problem is that the size of the required computers is very big. And supercomputers are needed for driving complicated algorithms. The requirement for supercomputers makes those robots extremely big.  

Or the data handling must outsource to the supercomputer centers. In that case, the robot will interact with the data center over the internet. But the internet is unable to operate over extremely long distances. The fact is that if the robots operate at other planets or icy moons like Titan or Europa. 

They are requiring compact algorithms for searching minerals and living organisms. The message travels a long time to Jupiter and even longer time to Saturn. And that means the supercomputers must transfer to those planetary systems. 

Another idea is to use the swarms or groups of robots that are sharing their processor capacity. But that thing requires data communication between the participants of the members of that group. WLAN data sharing can be made by using radio waves or a laser system. The first system is well-known from Earth. But the problem is that if the planet has a very weak ionosphere. Or sandstorms that are creating powerful static electricity that thing can cut the radio communication line.

The low-energetic X- and gamma-ray lasers are allowing also laser systems to operate through walls. 

So the researchers can replace radio-based WLAN by using the lasers or laser-LEDs that are transmitting data in optical frequencies. The problem with this kind of system is that laser-based communication requires visual contact between communicator and receiver. One of the solutions that might solve the problem of OTH (Over The Horizon) communication is a satellite or some drone that receives the laser data and then resend it to receiving unit. 

But the problem is that this kind of system cannot yet communicate through walls. But if the lasers are using low-energetic X- or gamma-ray frequencies that allows using laser communication through the walls. 

But the problem is that those radiation frequencies are causing cancer. And the thing is that if we are thinking the situations like nuclear accidents where the robots are the most useful the electromagnetic radiation can disturb all electromagnetic frequencies. And that thing denies the communication between robots and the communication between robots and supporting computer. 

The best solution is the internal data handling unit. And the problem is that the computer that is needed is extremely powerful. Powerful computers are large. 

A compact-size quantum computer would be the best solution. But the system requires compact-size quantum computers. The size of those machines is enormous because they need absolute stable conditions. 

Theoretically, there is possible to make a quantum computer that fits in the ring. But the quantum computer requires an enormous cooling system. that decreases its temperature to zero kelvin that ends the oscillation. But maybe the 2D superconducting and photon-based microchips are the answer for this kind of problem. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-photonic-chip-for-isolating-light-may-be-key-to-miniaturizing-quantum-technology/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The anomalies in LHC (Large Hadron Collider) can have many interesting reasons.

The image I)"A TYPICAL LHCB EVENT FULLY RECONSTRUCTED. PARTICLES IDENTIFIED AS PIONS, KAON, ETC. ARE SHOWN IN DIFFERENT COLORS. CREDIT: CERN, LHCB COLLABORATION

Typical LHCb Event Fully Reconstructed"(https://scitechdaily.com/new-fundamental-physics-unexplainable-phenomena-from-large-hadron-collider-experiment/)

Many fascinating possibilities can cause anomalies in the LHC and other particle accelerators. One of them is the fifth force. But there is the possibility. That behind those anomalies is some kind of energy interaction. There is the possibility that particle is hitting with dark matter particles. 

Or the reason for the anomaly is the interaction between the particle and some higher dimension. When people are talking about higher dimensions they are forgetting something. The dimension could be the energy level where the space is filled with the wave movement that has a certain wavelength that depends on the energy level. 

There is the possibility that the higher dimension is the energy level that transforms particles that we cannot receive the radiation that they are sending. 

So could the higher dimension be the energy level where wave movement is even shorter than gamma-rays? When the energy level of material or wave movement rises higher than gamma-rays we couldn't see that radiation. The gamma-rays are the limit for the observable area of the electromagnetic spectrum. But there is the possibility that the energy level of radiation rises higher than gamma-rays. And that means radiation slides outside the electromagnetic spectrum. 

So the higher dimension could be the energy level of material that sends more high-energetic radiation than gamma-ray. And when the energy level is rising enough the energy level of radiation turns higher and wavelength shorter than gamma-rays. So the electromagnetic wavelength slides out from the visible spectrum. And the gamma-rays are the limit of the radiation that we can see. 

But the energy of radiation can be much higher than the energy level of gamma-rays. When we are thinking the case that the energy level of material is rising high enough that means the size of the quarks is turning so different than the size of other quarks. That means it starts to send the wave movement that has no contact with the material that we can see. 

Image II. Electromagnetic spectrum

So if there is no fifth force. There is the possibility that the particles are impacting with some unknown quantum field. Or some extraordinary gravitational effect is causing the anomaly.  But what can cause that gravitational effect? 

When we are thinking that the source of dark energy is in the interaction of dark matter. That thing causes interesting ideas. There only interaction between visible and dark matter is gravitational interaction. But dark matter is "only" material and the reason why we cannot see it is that it sends reflection what we cannot observe. 

Is dark energy the wave movement that dark matter releases when it attempts to ger the base level of energy? Dark matter is similar material with visible material. And its particles should behave a similar way with visible material. 

When they are facing energy stress, that thing means that the energy level of dark matter particles is rising. And then they will release extra energy away as the visible material. They are sending the wave movement when they are returning to the base level. 

But black holes are pulling dark matter inside them the same way as they are pulling visible material. When the dark matter is dropping behind the event horizon. Its energy is rising similarly with the visible material. And that means dark matter is sending the radiation with a wavelength that we cannot see. But that radiation is interacting with other dark matter particles. 

Dark matter particles are similar materials to visible particles. When they drop to a black hole their energy level is rising. And that thing sends the wave movement that raises the energy level of the other dark matter particles. The dark matter particles are the same way deliver the extra energy like visible material. That thing happens the same way. 

Particles are the sending the extra energy in the form of wave movement. The reason for that is that all material is attempting to reach the base level of energy.  

Theoretically, there is the possibility that the dark matter particles impact. And those impacts are sending radiation that is invisible to us. The reason why I believe so is that dark matter is only material that we cannot see. There is the possibility that the dark matter particles are making a similar whirl around the black hole with the visible material. And that whirl causes the friction between the dark material particles. 

https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy

https://scitechdaily.com/new-fundamental-physics-unexplainable-phenomena-from-large-hadron-collider-experiment/

https://www.space.com/20930-dark-matter.html

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/