Solving Glaubert's optimum rotor disk can make new aerodynamics possible.

"By refining a long-standing aerodynamic problem, Divya Tyagi unlocked new potential for wind turbine design. Her mathematical breakthrough could enhance energy efficiency and inspire future innovations. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Student Refines a Century-Old Math Problem That Could Transform Wind Energy)

Glaubert's optimum rotor disk can help to make more effective wind generators. But, it can also help to make more effective turbines and turboprops. In the last case. 

The researcher must determine the speed of the wind that travels (or should travel) through Glaubert's optimum rotor disk. And then. 

Developers can make the formula to create a customized optimal Glaubert disk for that windspeed.

The aircraft cannot travel faster than its exhaust gases. And the jet engine. Just accelerates air that travels in the engine tube. The exhaust gas cannot travel faster than the burning speed in the fuel-air mixture. The problem with the fast low-hypersonic jet engines like ramjets has no moving parts. 

The engine cannot start when the aircraft stays on the runway. The airspeed in the ramjet must be about Mach 1. The problem is that the blower will face the air that travels through it with a speed that is over Mach 5 if the aircraft travels with hypersonic speed. If somebody can make a blower that can inject air into the ramjet engine with a speed that is Mach 6+ that thing will revolutionize aviation. 

Solving Glaubert's optimal rotor disk problem is the thing. That can improve the efficiency of the wind turbine. 

Developers can use the same formula to solve the turboprop engines' development problems. And the other thing is this. Solving this problem can also give new energy-effective solutions for turbojet engines. 

Glaubert's optimum disk makes it possible to calculate the ideal size and speed for certain disks. 

That formula can make it possible to calculate the ideal size for wind turbine propellers. 

The system must only know the average wind speed. Or the most usual wind speed. That helps to make more effective wind turbines than before. 

The prediction in Glaubert's optimum disk is that the disk gets its energy from free-flowing air. But there is the possibility to make. The changes there the force goes opposite through the disk. We can think that Glaubert's optimum disk opens the road to the more effective turbines and turbojets. 

In that case, the airflow that the turboprop makes. Is, handled as the free flow. The thing that the researcher must do is to create value for the free airflow.

That thing happens when the researcher determines the goal speed. And then. The other things like the wing, or disk size must be put to fit with that airflow. That is one of the things that can make aircraft more effective than before. 

https://scitechdaily.com/student-refines-a-century-old-math-problem-that-could-transform-wind-energy/

https://wes.copernicus.org/articles/10/451/2025/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptote

Stars and planets that should not exist.

"A binary star system in the center of the Milky Way provides new clues as to how stars form around the central black hole. Credit: NASA/CXC/MIT/F.K.Baganoff et al."(ScitechDaily, A binary star system in the center of the Milky Way provides new clues as to how stars form around the central black hole. Credit: NASA/CXC/MIT/F.K.Baganoff et al.)

Our knowledge of planet and star formations expands. And that brings planets and stars that should not exist in front of our eyes. The thing that makes planet or star formation possible or impossible is the energy. And radiation that comes from the star. Or from the radiation center. The black holes and stars both cause particle flow and radiation that can destroy protoplanets or protostars that are too close to them. And, of course, the gravity field can rip protoplanets into pieces. 

Or why impossible star formation exists is simple. Those planets and stars can born somewhere else, and then the star or planet can travel to the orbiter of the gravity center. The rogue planet that comes to a star's or black hole's gravity field can start to orbit them. The same thing that fits stars fits planets. We know that pulsars have planets that formed probably in the supernova debris. 

"Artist’s illustration. Gaia detected this candidate exoplanet, named Gaia-4b, with astrometry. Now, follow-up spectroscopy has confirmed its existence. It’s about twelve times more massive than Jupiter and orbits the star called Gaia-4, around 244 light-years away. Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC/M. Marcussen" (ScitechDaily, A Star’s Tiny Wobble Just Revealed a Massive Planet That Shouldn’t Exist)

The planet called "Poltergeist" (PSR B1257+12 B) is one of those planets that orbit neutron stars. There can be millions of stars in the universe that orbit black holes. The most well-known binary star where a regular star's companion is the blue supergiant star Cygnus X-1. It's possible that the black hole captured the supergiant into its orbiter. Or anyway, the blue supergiant distance to the black hole can also turn smaller. 

The position with that other star was not the same in the case: Cygnus X-1's mass center collapsed into a black hole. There is a prediction or suspicion that the Cygnus X-1 is a binary star with a black hole component. In Cygnus X-1, the blue supergiant variable star HDE 226868 orbits some invisible object. The best candidate for that object is a stellar-mass black hole. The blue variable star is ending its existence as a star. And it will also turn into a supernova. 

If that invisible component of the Cygnus X-1 does not pull so much material out from that blue supergiant. Its mass will decrease below the critical point. And the result will be the neutron star. 

 That explains why that first supernova didn't destroy the blue supergiant. The interaction between those stars is interesting. The black hole pulls material from the blue supergiant but also sends radiation to that star. This means the blue supergiant is hotter than it should be, but it loses its mass, and that can affect its turn to explode as a supernova. 

And otherwise saying the entire galaxy orbits around the supermassive black hole. We can say that all stars in the Milky Way wait for their destiny. That destiny is to fall in the supermassive black hole Sgr*A which is the mass center of our galaxy. Another fate can be the case when Andromeda galaxy impacts our galaxy. That impact happened a couple of billions of years ago. And when that black hole travels through our galaxy it would destroy lots of stars and planets. 

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-just-found-a-star-system-that-shouldnt-exist-near-a-supermassive-black-hole/

 https://scitechdaily.com/a-stars-tiny-wobble-just-revealed-a-massive-planet-that-shouldnt-exist/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_X-1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSR_B1257%2B12_B

The hidden web of dark matter.

"A massive filament of dark matter’s cosmic web has been imaged in unprecedented detail. Spanning millions of light-years, this structure reveals how dark matter helped shape the early Universe by pulling gas into place for galaxy formation. Credit: ESO/D. Tornotti et al./Hubble: M. Revalski, P. Francis et al." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Capture the Universe’s Hidden Web of Dark Matter)

The hidden web of dark matter is one of the most fascinating things in the universe. That structure proves that dark matter doesn't fill the entire universe. The hidden web of dark matter tells us that there are places in the universe where there is no dark matter at all. That thing makes it possible to research how dark matter focuses gravitational waves.  And that thing can prove one of the theories possible. Maybe gravity lenses also can focus gravitational waves. 

Or, when gravity waves impact together, that thing forms standing gravity waves and scatters gravity waves. There is one possible point where gravity waves can reflect. And that point is another gravtíty wave. But if gravity wave is the energy ditch. Or lower energy level. That means it's possible that those waves don't scatter or reflect. 

But if gravity waves form energy ditches that effect can also form a situation, where those gravity waves pack in one entirety. In that model, gravity waves cannot scatter but they can go together forming deeper gravity waves or deeper energy ditches. In that model, the impacting gravity waves can form the black hole straight from the gravity field. But that requires that the energy pothole is deep enough and the whirl doesn't let outside energy fill it. It's possible that this kind of black hole formed in quark-gluon plasma in the young universe.

But in our universe entropy destroys that structure. The field that travels across the quantum whirl closes it that field acts like any other layer. Materia and energy that impact it cause situations where their energy travels to whirl's walls. That energy presses the quantum whirl open destroys the structure and denies the black hole form. 

That crossing field makes a similar effect. As the Hall field in the Hall effect or resistance. And maybe this kind of field can close some black holes. In that hypothesis, the fast-rotating quantum field can close the black hole inside it. That field can cause a situation in which the black hole cannot pull things through that field. 

The nature of gravity is interesting. The gravitational interaction between dark- and visible material is interesting. Dark matter should surround or pack around gravity centers. And then we must ask how much dark matter is inside gravitational objects like Earth. How big a role Dark Matter plays in the gravitational interactions? The gravitational waves send energy out from the object. 

That means the other energy fields start to fill that energy hole. And that means the dark matter can be the thing, that makes the gravitational energy move. As in all energy forms, gravitational interaction doesn't happen without gravitational waves. Standing field doesn't make the interaction between those two or more objects. 

 https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-capture-the-universes-hidden-web-of-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effect

Lawyers and AI.

Lawyers can use AI to do things as some students do. They can use AI to search for information about the roles of some organizations, members, and member authorities, in their organization. The AI can also search for precedents about similar cases and the AI can also search cases that certain judges handled. 

Same way. AI can search for things like blogs that jurors wrote. That thing tells about their attitudes about cases. And, of course, important data is also what the media tells about cases. So the AI can search, sort, and give links to the stories. That people write about the case or similar cases. Another thing that the AI can tell is how long time the judge or lawyers use for data about the case. 

If the lawyer will not even check the files about the case, that tells something about that person's attitude. And the ability to work as a lawyer. Same way. Judges and other people can see how many similar cases the lawyer handled before. The AI can also see if the witness starts to speak louder, or maybe do some other things that tell about lies. The AI can mark those points in the recordings. 

The person who reads body language can see those points and maybe use still images and zooms to see if a person touches their nose at the wrong moment. Some people cover those things using strong movement. And the zoom image might uncover those signs better than normal tape. The other thing is that AI can also record if the specialist doesn't use the rewind button and the tools. That they should use. 

The AI can also see if the lawyer has shown marks to the witness or given something to them. And of course, AI can check answers like: does a person has a registered firearm, is that firearm reported as stolen? Or missing, etc. AI is a good tool for working as an assistant. It shows does the conviction follows the line that judges normally use. And it can see if there are some anomalies in argumentations. 

 https://www.freethink.com/artificial-intelligence/how-ai-is-reshaping-the-legal-profession

The new tools are revolutionary in genetics and biotechnology.

(Freethink,Arc Institute’s new AI can read and write the code of life)

The new artificial intelligence AI operating systems can create any DNA. That researchers want. This tool can be the most fundamental that we have ever seen before. The ability to create artificial DNA makes it possible to create artificial organisms. Artificial organisms and the ability to change the DNA in the cells make new steps for biological medical treatments. The problem with things like tissue and organ transfers is the immune reaction. 

So the answer can be the genetically engineered cells that are made from the receiver's own cells. That thing makes the 3D tissue printers more effective than ever before.  The 3D tissue printers can create organs for people who need them. And that is a big step for tissue transplants. Tissue transplants can save a person's life in accidents. But that kind of technology can make the new science possible. 

"The 3D bioprinter at the Collins BioMicrosystems Laboratory at the University of Melbourne. Credit: Tessa van der Riet. Biomedical engineers at the University of Melbourne have developed a 3D bioprinting system capable of creating structures that closely replicate the diverse tissues of the human body." (ScitechDaily, Revolutionary 3D Bioprinter Creates Human Tissue Structures in Seconds)

"3D bioprinting is pushing the boundaries of human tissue engineering. Credit: Tessa van der Riet" (ScitechDaily, Revolutionary 3D Bioprinter Creates Human Tissue Structures in Seconds)

The system can create DNA and fix the DNA if there is some damage. The system can detect hereditary diseases in morulas. Then it can remove the DNA. After that, the system can make modifications to the DNA. And then inject it back into the morula. The system can make almost everything, like female Isaac Newton. The idea is that the system can simply manipulate the gender genomes in Sir Isaac Newton's DNA and then inject it into the morula. That means it just creates the female version of the most awesome researchers in history. 

"A new study shows that gut bacteria can influence the molecular pattern of glycosylation – the presence of sugar groups on proteins – in the brain. Credit: Daniela Velasco Lozano/EMBL" (ScitechDaily, Gut Bacteria Secretly Rewire the Brain – New Study Reveals How)

The cloned structures allow to creation of the green men. The men or creatures whose skin can make photosynthesis. That thing can also create the muscles there is the gorilla's muscle tissues. That makes the person stronger than before. 

The gut bacteria secretly rewires brains. And that ability can make the new step for psychiatric treatments. This thing can remove aggression and other things. Controlling that process can open new books for psychiatric treatments. 

Chancing the DNA is one step to long-term spacetrips. 

When we think about the possibility of making artificial DNA that thing can make the long-term space journeys possible. The problem with hibernation is the thing that can be useful in long-term space trips. But there is one big problem. The space crew will turn old anyway.  Aging is the reason for the DNA damage. Long-term space trips require the ability to stabilize the DNA. 

That means astronauts must be frozen to the temperature just above the absolute zero Kelvin. The human hibernation is one version of how to make crew use their time in space travel. But aging is a big problem in interstellar flight. 

The solution to that problem can be the DNA that is stored in digital form.

Another solution can be a system that can print the new DNA for aging astronauts. The DNA can be stored in the digital form. And the AI-based systems can print that DNA. And then replace mitochondria and the cell's nucleus DNA by using new and non-damaged DNA. The genetically engineered bacteria can deliver that DNA into the person's body. And that thing can increase the lifetime of the people. 

 https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/is-human-hibernation-for-long-duration-space-travel-possible/

 https://www.freethink.com/biotech/evo-2-generative-biology

https://scitechdaily.com/gut-bacteria-secretly-rewires-the-brain-new-study-reveals-how/

https://scitechdaily.com/revolutionary-3d-bioprinter-creates-human-tissue-structures-in-seconds/

The insane magnetic field of magnetars.

"A simulated magnetar with magnetic field lines and surface temperature (temperature increases with color, tending from red to yellow). Credit: ©Raphaël Raynaud (LMPA/AIM/IRFU/DRF/CEA Saclay)" (ScitechDaily, Neutron Stars Gone Wild: How Magnetars Get Their Insane Magnetic Power)

There is suspicion. Cosmic radio flashes and high-energy, X- and Gamma-ray flashes from magnetars form when they impact with planets or some other massive objects. 

The neutron star forms. When the 8X larger star than the sun uses its fuel. That thing causes a situation where the star falls into the structure where electrons and protons melt together. That means those structures are purely neutrons. The neutron star's magnetic fields are insane. The thing that forms this magnetic field is the so-called Tayler-Spruit generator. In planets and stars the Tayler-Spruit generator forms a magnetic field when liquid metal rotates the metal core. 

The neutron star's mass is so high, and the material so dense that the shell and core in neutron stars cannot rotate at different speeds. Or that is very hard. So, it's possible that a neutron star that rotates in the plasma cloud can form a similar situation that the planet's metal core forms in melted metal. In stars the magnetic forms at different speeds of plasma rotation. 

The insane magnetic field of magnetars can form when some high-energy parts in a very low-mass neutron star rotate at different speeds. The magnetic field can form when the internal structures of neutron stars or neutron stars' core and neutron star shells rotate at different speeds. It's possible. That neutron star's shell and core rotate in different directions. That maximizes their mutual speed. 

"Magnetic-field lines inside the NS crust at the beginning of our NS magnetothermal simulation, that is, at t = 0. Credit: Nature Astronomy (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02477-y" (Sciencenewstoday, Tayler-Spruit Dynamo Mechanism Explains the Formation of Low-Field Magnetars)

There are two possible ways in which the neutron star's magnetic field can form. 

1) The rotation inside the neutron star. 

2) The plasma shield and neutron star's mutual rotation makes the magnetic field. The plasma can rotate opposite direction to the neutron star. 

That maximizes their mutual speed. The magnetar is a very low-mass neutron star and that supports the last theorem. The lower gravity field allows the plasma layer to stay more stable than around higher-mass neutron stars. Also, the plasma can explain why all low-mass neutron stars are not magnetars. 

The plasma will not fall to the neutron star if its speed is high enough, that it can remain in orbit around that thing. The insane magnetic field forms when the plasma is like strings around the neutron star. Things like whirls in the plasma can decrease the magnetic field's power. 

In some models, there is the possibility that the neutron fog is the low-density neutron structure between the neutron star's core and its shell. There is the possibility that the insane magnetic field around some neutron stars forms when plasma and the neutron fog interact together. 

Same way if there is a neutron fog between the neutron star's core and its shell, that neutron cloud or neutron fog can create its magnetic field. 

In that case, the neutron star can form an insane magnetic field. But there is another thing that can make an insane magnetic field around neutron stars. When particles like gas impact a neutron star's shell, it causes a very high-energy reaction. That reaction forms a plasma shell above a neutron star. There are nuclear reactions in that plasma. 

The neutron star rotates in that plasma. And there is the possibility that the plasma and neutron stars act like Tayler-Spruit dynamo. There the neutron star forms a stator. And plasma around it forms a rotor. If the magnetic field forms when the neutron star and its plasma rotate in opposite directions that can make a new path to the neutron star research. 

https://scitechdaily.com/neutron-stars-gone-wild-how-magnetars-get-their-insane-magnetic-power/

https://www.sciencenewstoday.org/tayler-spruit-dynamo-mechanism-explains-the-formation-of-low-field-magnetars

Galaxies tell about things that CMB cannot tell.

"The SphereX (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer) mission, slated for launch on February 28. 2025, is designed to map out hundreds of millions of galaxies over the entire sky in an attempt to measure the large-scale structure of the Universe, throughout cosmic time, to better precision than ever before. It has the potential to teach us lessons about our early Universe, cosmically, that even the CMB cannot reveal." (ScitechDaily, How mapping galaxies can teach us what the CMB can’t)

New tools map galaxies. They also bring information that the cosmic microwave background CMB cannot give. Each radiation type from radio waves through infrared, and visible light to X-rays and deepest gamma-rays brings its own, kind of information. 

The cosmic microwave background, CMB is only one information source for things like the Big Bang and the young universe. The CMB mapping can give information about the beginning of entropy. The space that formed in the mass made the entropy possible. 

And entropy still grows in modern days. When entropy already exists and it's large and powerful its growth is harder to see than in the thick systems. When the system's density decreases that increases entropy. The space in the system that allows particles and superstrings to oscillate stronger and vaporize faster, that thing increases the distance between particles and objects. 

During that process, those particles also lose their mass. But then we must realize that CMB is only one data source for the complicated structure called the Universe. The universe is the largest known quantum system. 

The information that the galaxies can give tells about things like dark matter. The dark matter interaction is purely gravitational. Or maybe there are some other interactions with hypothetical weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs, and other particles or radiation. But the cosmic background can cover that reflection below it.   

"The quantum fluctuations inherent to space, stretched across the Universe during cosmic inflation, gave rise to the density fluctuations imprinted in the cosmic microwave background, which in turn gave rise to the stars, galaxies, and other large-scale structures in the Universe today. This is the best picture we have of how the entire Universe behaves, where inflation precedes and sets up the Big Bang. Unfortunately, we can only access the information contained inside our cosmic horizon, which is all part of the same fraction of one region where inflation ended some 13.8 billion years ago." (BigThink, How mapping galaxies can teach us what the CMB can’t)

And maybe. Those hypothetical WIMP particles are some kind of excitons. Exciton is the quasiparticle where the electron starts to orbit an electron-hole.  The exciton forms when an electron jumps out from its orbital. That thing leaves an electron-hole that another electron tries to fill. The Pauli Exclusion principle means. That there cannot be two identical fermions in the same quantum system. That's why another electron cannot fill that hole. And when it starts to orbit the hole, it denies the electron-hole fill. 

There is the possibility that also other particles than electrons like quarks can form quasiparticles that are like electron holes that electron orbits. If some boson like gluon or quark makes a hole in the atom or outside the atom and starts to orbit a similar hole, it could explain why we cannot see those particles. So, maybe the gluon or quark can create the hole that it starts to orbit. 

Things like the cosmic web cause the idea that maybe those hypothetical WIMPs can make some kind of chains. The model is that those holes that quark or (maybe) gluon orbits can make the chains. The chain of those holes can be very long. And that can make a model, that the WIMP can be the small primordial black hole that formed in the young universe, or maybe supernova explosions and relativistic jets of other black holes can form those things. 

"Frenkel exciton, bound electron-hole pair where the hole is localized at a position in the crystal represented by black dots" (Wikipedia, Exciton)

Another idea is this. The black hole can be like a giant exciton. The event horizon is the point. Where escaping velocity reaches the speed of light can trap the particles and EM fields. Those fields can form a similar situation. That electrons form when they start to form an exciton. 

The orbiting particles and electromagnetic fields close the hole that we call a black hole in the middle of it. The black hole is the whirl. The particles pump energy to the whirl that prevents the outside fields from filling the black hole. When an object rises black hole its energy level rises. But the black hole is "black" because its gravity is so strong. A black hole is like a tunnel through time. The question is what makes energy move that way, that it pulls particles with it into the black hole's sink? 

We can say that a black hole is a tunnel that the quantum whirl orbits. The energy level in that tunnel is lower than at whirl around it. The fast-moving energy field that travels in that channel denies the energy travel in it from the whirl around it. Or that energy takes the side-coming energy with it so fast that there is a pulling effect. 

Or, otherwise saying the center of a black hole is a lower energy level than its barriers. That means the black hole is like a chimney that pulls energy through it. The lower energy center in the whirl pulls material into it. Or it makes energy fields travel to the center of the black hole. And that pulls particles with it. The black hole turns smaller and smaller because of the Universe's expansion. 

 https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/mapping-galaxies-teach-what-cmb-cant/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exciton