Is 64% of the universe non-existent?

The new models that the New Zealander researchers made. Suggests that dark energy doesn't exist. That means 64% of the universe is a product of imagination. The thing that forms dark energy is the phenomenon where the universe expands at different speeds. That is one of the things that makes those types of research interesting. Dark energy is a more complicated thing than just radiation. 

The universe's expansion turns the gravity effect weaker. Sometimes is introduced that dark energy is the effect that forms when something eliminates the gravity waves. That means the dark energy is the "anti-gravity". That means the effect that turns gravity waves straight. 

Because the distances between objects increase. Another thing is that the Sgr*A is not only the gravitational center in the universe. 

Gravitation is like a shadow between objects. All objects in the universe send gravitational waves. Those gravitational waves form an energy shadow that pulls the objects together. If something fills that shadow that denies the gravitational effect. Gravity is the interaction where gravity waves supplant or pull energy out from the other waves. That causes a situation in which outside energy pushes particles over that energy shadow.

Also, other gravitational centers in the universe send gravitational waves. Sometimes those waves cross each other forming the quantum dots or standing waves. That causes a situation in which gravity waves reflect in different directions. A gravity wave is like a ditch that travels in the universe. If some other energy wave or wave movement hits the gravity wave at the right angle it can fill that ditch. That means the side-coming or certain angle-coming energy wave can eliminate or neutralize the gravity effect. 

In that model, the counter wave that impacts other wave movements forms the energy ditch that pulls particles into one direction. The origin of a gravity wave is in some structure of material that bounds energy in it. When energy travels to that structure the structure pulls the field inside it. Then that structure which can be a very small part of an atom sends a wave that wave pulls energy in it. When that wave with very low wave height and very high frequency impacts other waves it pulls energy into it. So if something fills that ditch it eliminates the gravity effect.  

The new AI predicts cancer earlier than before.

"Stanford researchers created MUSK, an AI model that combines medical images and text to improve cancer prognosis and treatment predictions, outperforming traditional methods in accuracy across multiple cancer types. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Stanford’s New AI Predicts Cancer Outcomes With Unmatched Accuracy)

The new AI-boosted detection system predicts cancer with ultimate accuracy. The system can use various coherent radiation packs and spectroscopy to detect errors in DNA structures and cell metabolism. That increases our knowledge of cancer. Cancer is linked with DNA damage that can also cause aging. And the detection of those changes makes it possible to detect the cancer. The fact is that there is only one cell that the immune system cannot destroy can cause cancer. And there is something. That causes the cell to avoid its programmed cell death. 

The thing is that the cell turns into a cancer cell through the zombie cell sequence. Sometimes researchers think that the DNA sequences that control this effect are lost. Sometimes is thought that the reason for the lack of self-destruction is in mitochondria. The idea is that there is something that denies the message to programmed cell death doesn't reach mitochondria. 

And when mitochondria continue their function as the cell powerhouse, that thing causes a situation that the cell wakes up again. The DNA molecule in its nucleus continues its operations even if the cell's function in the body is ended. The lack of programmed cell death means that the more and more damaged DNA controls the cell that loses its functionality.

I don't know if is it possible that there are cases where the cell gets the "wrong mitochondria". Those genetically changed mitochondria can refuse to take orders to stop their functions. When a cell divides mitochondria take the order to divide. 

The division of cells and mitochondria includes a sequence where we can see individual chromosomes. At that moment mitochondrial DNA is very vulnerable same way as the cell's own DNA is when chromosomes turn visible. Basically, mitochondria divide the same way as cells. 

And it is possible. That the mitochondrial DNA is somehow damaged. So maybe the reason for the cancer is sometimes in mitochondria. 

https://scitechdaily.com/stanfords-new-ai-predicts-cancer-outcomes-with-unmatched-accuracy/

Schrödinger's cat awakens in antimony atoms.

" Scientists have implemented Schrödinger’s cat in quantum computing with an antimony atom, boosting error correction capabilities and making quantum computations more stable and scalable. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Schrödinger’s Quantum Cat Awakens to Revolutionize Computing)

Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment about an object that is dead and alive at the same time. It is about being and not being and how something can be and not be at the same time. Superposition is the case where a particle moves and stays in a stable position at the same time. In superposition, information travels between two identical particles on different energy levels. 

The question is: can information travel in superposition faster than light? The answer is interesting. When lasers form superposition and quantum entanglement, they form the electromagnetic shadow or the electromagnetic channel between particles that oscillate with the same frequency. The shadow forms a quantum channel between particles. And that channel is the thing that pulls information between particles. 

So the shadow between those particles pulls information like string to the lower energy participant in that particle-pair. That means there is less electromagnetic turbulence between those particles than outside that shadow. And photons or light waves travel faster in that shadow or quantum channel than outside it. 

When we think about things like quantum teleportation between complex systems the problem is that we should have similar objects at both sides of the quantum channel. Superposition is possible only between identical particles. And that's why we cannot teleport things like humans. The problem with a long-distance superposition is that the quantum channel between those particles will not be as long as it should. 

So, researchers cannot form kilometers-long shadows between those two particles that quantum entanglement between for example between satellites and data centers is possible. 

The reason for why researchers work with complex system quantum teleportation is simple. Those complex systems are easier to handle than single-photon systems. It's easier to take antimony atoms to frame than single photons. One of the biggest problems with photons is that photons are not still in those frames. They spin all the time like wheels. And when the quantum computer starts the data transmission those photons must be in the right position. When we think of the photon's structure it looks like a ring-shaped cone. 

There are small scales on the surface of that structure. When data transmission starts the energy or string that travels between those photons touches those scales and it takes the recessive photon with it. Those scales are quantum points where photons touch each other. 

When the spin of the photon is synchronized they form a structure that looks like a tube where information travels in shadow or quantum channel between two photons. The complex 3D systems like atoms the superposition between 3D quantum point structures is not so easy. In that system, quantum channels and information strings impact each other. There are also too many moving parts like electrons and spinning quarks in 3D quantum structures. The internal superposition in atoms and subatomic particles is possible. Researchers can put two electrons or two quarks in superposition. 

https://scitechdaily.com/schrodingers-quantum-cat-awakens-to-revolutionize-computing/ 

The primordial black holes would be the thing that revolutionize science if we can find them.

The theory of black holes says that the mass of the black hole determines the distance of the event horizon from the black hole's singularity. The lower mass a black hole has the closer the event horizon is to its singularity or if a black hole has no singularity. We can talk about the event horizon distance to the center of the black hole. Maybe stellar mass black holes have a singularity. 

And supermassive black holes don't have that thing. But then we can start to think about extremely low-mass black holes. The low-mass black holes can exist anywhere. Theoretically, those things can hide on planets, in asteroids, or even in some sand bites. And if somebody can find those things they can give an answer to quantum computing and give endless energy sources. 

When we think about extremely low-mass black holes that pull particles and gas around them. Those things can turn the black hole into a grey hole. The extremely dense object that involves a black hole. The escaping velocity from the grey hole's shell can be very close to the speed of light. 

The distance of the low-mass black hole's event horizon is closer to the singularity than a high-mass black hole. There is a theoretical possibility that the event horizon can be inside the object's shell. The fast rotating structures like neutron stars are things. 

That can make it possible. That the hypothetical black hole inside them cannot pull that shell inside them. That requires that the shell's speed must be so high, that it crosses escaping velocity on the distance where that structure is from the event horizon. 

 So it's possible. That somewhere in the universe is the neutron star that surface or shell orbits the black hole. That would be an interesting variation of the quasi-stars. Quasi stars are hypothetical black-hole-powered stars. 

The sub-stellar mass black holes are possible if the star or some other energy source sends energy that presses the planet or even some asteroid into a black hole. There is a theory that very small-mass black holes are the thing behind Dark matter. There is no minimum mass for black holes. The only requirement is that energy can push particles or some other object into extremely dense form. 

The energy must smash all particles and quantum fields in the atom into entirety called a singularity. Those extremely low-mass black holes can be far different than we think. When we think about low-mass black holes they can form things called quasi-stars around them. 

Theoretically, those things formed in the Early universe.  But theoretically, those things can form in very special situations. The black hole can impact some supergiant stars. They pull the internal structures of that star into them. And if the star's shell rotates fast enough it doesn't fall to the black hole. That model caused one interesting model. 

Can that kind of quasi-star-type phenomenon form on some planets or even in asteroids? That requires an extremely low-mass black hole that travels into the planet's core. Then that black hole forms a shell around it using the planet's liquid structures. Sometimes is introduced a model that the small-size black holes can turn neutron stars into quasi-neutron stars. That means inside those extremely dense neutron objects can hide small- about Earth-mass black holes. That model is very interesting. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matters-secret-hideouts-are-primordial-black-holes-lurking-nearby/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-star

Mysterious paraparticles make quantum physics more complicated.

Nobody has detected paraparticles or so-called chameleon particles yet. Theoretically, a para- or chameleon particle that is at the same time a boson and fermion is possible. The particle is theoretically very easy to detect but the problem is that when the paraparticle stands in the stable position it's a fermion. And when it starts to move or transmit some interaction or wave movement it's a boson. 

Researchers must detect that transformation and it's a very hard thing. The sensor must be aimed at the precise right place at the precise right time. Another interesting particle is the particle that has mass on another side and is massless on the side is the thing that boosts the search for the chameleon particle. The chameleon- or paraparticle can be the thing. That solves many quantum computer's problems. 

The ability to take the information and then transport it using the same particle can revolutionize quantum information technology. But to find that particle researchers should know what force can it transport. Or which wavelength wave movement does it send? Before those information that particle remains at the theoretical level. And confirmation of those calculations is more difficult than people can imagine. 

Theoretically is possible to turn other particles than anyons into 2D form. Anyon is a quasiparticle that can act as a router in quantum-size systems. That happens by pushing the particle into flat mode and be careful that radiation cannot slip in the partice. Another way to make that thing is to use an electromagnetic vacuum and EM version of the hydraulic press. In that system, the hydraulics are replaced using the radiation that pushes particles from above and below. 

Then anyon or photon ring around the particle makes an electromagnetic vacuum that should help to stretch the particle. The anyon is the only known 2D particle. But if there is some kind of system that can stretch electrons or some other particles from its sides. That system can be the tool that makes an impression in quantum technology. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-physics-just-got-even-stranger-meet-the-mysterious-paraparticles/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-quantum-particle-discovery-set-to-revolutionize-physics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyon

Do machines think, or do they know what they do?

Cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am) 

René Descartes

Sometimes philosophers say that intelligence is being you. That means if a machine thinks it's intelligent. And when the machine is intelligent, it's itself. That is one of the key questions of robotics. The machine is a thinking creature. That is the thinking loop. So, should machines have rights? When we step on the machine's foot. It can say "ouch". But we can make the same effect with a switch and tape recorder. 

The tape mechanical switch activates the tape recorder there is the recorded word "ouch". And we might not think this system is intelligent. But that is one very simple example of so-called pseudo-intelligence. 

Pseudo-intelligent machines can make quite impressive things. They can ask for key cards and say "Hello Tom" when the person logs into the system. They can involve many complicated reactions. But those things are fixed in the program code. The real intelligence means that the system can learn new things. 

But then we must think ourselves. What happens if we would spend our entire life in some house? We have not seen cars and shops before. And then we just step out of that building and start to walk on the streets. What would the world look like? Will we do something funny if we don't ever visit the shops? What happens if we don't know what a tree is? Robot programmers face that situation all the time. 

We don't automatically know what traffic, cars, trees, and shops mean. We learn those things from an early age. And we might think that those things are self-evident. But they are not. We learn those things from our parents. We have natural phobias. We are afraid of spiders and snakes because those things can be dangerous. 

Sometimes in the past, some of our ancestors noticed that those animals and insects could bite painfully. And that thing is stored in our DNA. Pseudo-intelligent systems can make many things. 

But those systems cannot learn anything new automatically. They need something to teach that thing to them. Or when a programmer teaches computers the programmer programs it. 

Thinking machines are becoming a reality. But before we say that machines think or do not think, we must understand what thinking means. Or we must create a description of what the word "thinking" means. "I think therefore I am,": said French philosopher René Descartes. That means thinking makes a creature exist. And being existing means that creatures can affect us without us asking permission. 

That means we are lords of that creature. We are afraid of machine rebels. And we are afraid that machines take our jobs. But before we blame machines, researchers, and engineers we can ask, would you do those jobs that are transferred to AI-controlled robots? When we talk about thinking robots and artificial intelligence. We talk about things like chess robots, learning computer games, and other stuff, that can transform their knowledge into real-world robots. 

When somebody plays a combat simulator on the net, the simulator can transfer those tactics to the military combat simulators. In that case, players teach the real-world combat robots to handle situations. The research about thinking machines began from chess-robots and it still continues. But when the computer first time won human in chess that was great news. The fact is that the news was about the best chess player on this planet. 

And the AI can win over an average chess player a long time before. So, are we fair? If there is one person on this planet, who can win AI can we say that AI loses to humans? 

Perhaps, we should rather start to think about the complexity of intelligence. And we must stop thinking about the extreme cases. Is the world champion the average person in games? That is one question that we should think about. 

Thinking is the ability to connect information, stored in memory to the information. That the sensors bring to the system. That means thinking is like making puzzles. The machine thinks the same way as the human. Databases are the memory of computers. 

It connects collected data to the database. Combine it with the memory. And make new data entirety.

As you see. Theoretically, AI is quite easy to make. 

The only problem is this:  How to route data to the right database? The database involves information on how to react to each situation. While we discuss with computers or large language models (LLM) we have lots of time to think how to make the questions. And we have plenty of time to analyze and look at that data. 

But when some robot operates on streets there is no time to analyze situations. In real life. 

Situations come to the front of the system very fast. The environment can look different than in simulation and that is a problem with robots. 

The process that we call "active denial" can solve this problem. In that case, the system has a filter that eliminates every unnecessary data packet that the system doesn't need. The control system removes things like houses. And other things from the computer that desire reactions. However, the active denial system must recognize the houses. 

Also, it is harder to make descriptions of situations that come from the camera. That describes how the machine must react to some words. If the robot connects observation with the wrong database, that can cause a catastrophe. 

When we make things like robot cars that car faces unpredicted situations. 

Normally orders for unpredicted situations would be. That the car just stops or slows its speed. But, there is one case where the car should not do that. That is a case of robbery. 

But then we must realize one thing. When we meet a machine that is more intelligent than we are, we face one problem. The intelligent machine can hide its intelligence level. That means intelligent machines can lose us in chess. If it is afraid that we will shut down the server that runs the AI. The AI is a tool that can make many things. However, AI requires a physical body to make an effect on the physical world. Without a robot body, the AI cannot move things and clean yards. The robot body is the tool that makes AI capable of making physical things. 

The Chinese hackers can steal the HFSS the world's most effective R&D program.

"Yaoguang software has been available for free for the past few months. (Representational image)" (InterestingEngineering, China releases ‘world’s most powerful’ weapon design software, 15x faster than US)

Chinese developers released new software that fits the weapon research. That program is similar to U.S. software that U.S. developers used for simulating magnetic catapults and other kinds of military stuff. Chinese developers gave their software name "Yaoguang". The program is a Chinese copy of the HFSS the most effective material and electromagnetic simulation program in the world. 

Developers made The Yaoguan similar complex simulations as HFSS. But it's faster. 

That can mean that the Chinese use better supercomputers than Americans. Or they use something differently than HFSS users. 

Or the code in the program is tuned better. Those simulations require high-power computing. But Yaoguang makes those complex electromagnetic reflection simulations faster. The HFSS uses three hours for those simulations. The Yaoguang does it in 12 minutes. 

(Interesting Engineering)

And that makes this problematic. It's possible. That the Chinese hackers stole the HFSS source code. And then they can make changes to that software. That requires the necessary programming skills. Those changes can involve more advanced memory control. That makes it more powerful. 

"Yaoguang takes just 12 minutes to perform radiation simulation analysis on the multi-band antenna used in the new phased array radar while Ansys HFSS, a powerful electromagnetic industrial software in the United States, takes three hours to complete such tasks." (Interesting engineering, China releases ‘world’s most powerful’ weapon design software, 15x faster than US)

If the developers connect an HFSS-type development tool with a large language model. That makes it the most powerful tool in the development process. 

The weapon-research software is always dangerous. People have seen how AI can boost weapon development research (R&D). One user has lost the account because of the use of Chat GPT for weapon-making. That person developed the model for an automatized gun. The Open AI didn't tolerate that thing. But the AI is ready for military purposes. The policy is not a good and effective way to deny weapon research. 

The policy can change. Somebody can steal the source code. And then make changes to it. There are hackers in the east, who are ready for that project. They can operate for governments. But people like Mafia can also operate in this kind of project. 

The developers can create "the evil twin" of the famous chatbots. People like Russian oligarchs and mafia have money. They can hire developers to make that kind of software. The fact is that people are afraid that China or North Korea can steal the Chat GPT source code and make necessary changes to it. For making the catapult and other simulations the AI requires access to programs that can handle magnetic simulations. The program that the Chinese published is more effective than HFSS. 

https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-weapon-design-software

https://www.techtimes.com/articles/309031/20250111/openai-says-no-ai-weapons-sentry-gun-powered-chatgpt-now-shut-down.htm

https://www.randsim.com/software-solutions/electronics/ansys-hfss/