The future of communication.

"Computer scientists have created D-REC, an edge caching optimization method that uses a “digital twin” to forecast and improve data storage in wireless networks, thereby boosting speed and reliability." (ScitechDaily, New Method Improves Wireless Network Speed and Reliability)

"The new edge caching optimization method, called D-REC, makes use of a computational modeling technique called a digital twin. A digital twin is a virtual model of a real object. In the case of D-REC, the digital twin is a virtual model of a defined wireless network – whether that’s a cellular network or a Wi-Fi network." (ScitechDaily, New Method Improves Wireless Network Speed and Reliability)

“The method can be applied to any wireless network, depending on the system administrator or network operator’s needs,” says Liu. “D-REC can be adjusted depending on the needs of the user.” (ScitechDaily, New Method Improves Wireless Network Speed and Reliability)

"In D-REC, the digital twin takes real-time data from the wireless network and uses it to conduct simulations to predict which data are most likely to be requested by users. These predictions are then sent back to the network to inform the network’s edge caching decisions. Because the simulations are performed by a computer that is outside of the network, this does not slow down network performance." (ScitechDaily, New Method Improves Wireless Network Speed and Reliability)

One of the most interesting things that the data storage and transmitting technology is to use the digital twin to simulate the system and its capacity. The digital twin is a complex simulation whose effectiveness depends on the variables that the system can use. The system can calculate its capacity using digital twins. The digital twin also can help to see, if somebody tries to steal information. 

The system can use multiple complex models to uncover attacks. The system can use the digital twin of the environment. And see if the data travels in dangerous routes. This thing is effective if the data transmitters use coherent maser- or laser-based communication. If somebody puts a sensor in a laser or maser ray, that can be a coherent radio wave. That affects the strength of the beam. 

The system calculates how powerful the received signal's strength should be. And then. It compiles that data to the real strength of the received signals. If there are remarkable differences, the system can doubt that something is not right. Then it can choose the other receiver. In that kind of system, the transmitter's power can be one value, which improves security. The transmitting power gives a new dimension to the encryption. It can used as one value for the encryption algorithm.  If the power of the received signal is wrong, the receiving system cannot get the right value for the decryption key. 

This means that if the transmitting power is 340 W, the receiver gets a value of 340 for the decryption algorithm. Or the router routes the message to gate 340. 

There a receiving computer knows the right decryption key.  The receiving system cannot match the decryption key. If the gate is wrong. And cannot open the message. This thing increases the physical key to the information. 

And, if somebody tries to steal information from data cables, that decreases the power of the transmission. The system can give a warning.  If the transmission values are not. What they should be. If somebody wants to eavesdrop on laser or coherent radio waves, the eavesdropper must put the sensor in the laser or maser beam. 

And that's why the system can see if there are some points where the operator can make that thing. That kind of system can transmit information to the data tower or other receivers with high accuracy. The digital twin can see things like particles and weather and calculate their effect on communication. 

Things like structured light, multichannel transmissions, and quantum encryption are tools that should make data transmissions more secure and faster. The system can use multiple channels and frequencies to transmit information. 

In the new types of radio-based communication, the system can share data to multiple frequencies. The system shares data packages between multiple frequencies. And then sends them at the same time. Then receiving system knows how to collect that information from the pieces using the serial numbers. Those serial numbers can contain the serial numbers of the message and their position in the message. 

"Structured light technology, enhanced by spatial dimensions and machine intelligence, boosts information transmission and detection. Researchers have achieved significant advancements in data encoding and transmission, using spatial nonlinear conversion to maintain low error rates and high accuracy under challenging conditions. Credit: Zilong Zhang, Wei He, Suyi Zhao, Yuan Gao, Xin Wang, Xiaotian Li, Yuqi Wang, Yunfei Ma, Yetong Hu, Yijie Shen, Changming Zhao" (ScitechDaily, How Structured Light and AI Are Shaping the Future of Communication)

In standard laser communication, the system switches the laser on and off. When the laser is on, the value is 1. And when the laser is off the value is 0. And that is a standard way to use laser in binary communication. 

Structured light is the way to manipulate light. The system can also use other ways to benefit light than just switching lasers on and off. The structured light also makes it possible to benefit things like the depth of the surface and the point of the surface to transmit information. 

 "Structured light is the process of projecting a known pattern (often grids or horizontal bars) onto a scene. The way that these deform when striking surfaces allows vision systems to calculate the depth and surface information of the objects in the scene, as used in structured light 3D scanners."

The system can be more effective. If a laser can use two or more receiver points on the surface. When the laser system switches the point, where it transmits information, it must not switch on and off. 

Point 1 has a value of 0, and point 2 has a value of 1. The mirror can switch the point where it aims the laser ray. And that makes the system faster and more secure. The system can also benefit the depth or distance of the layer. 

The idea of those new communication systems is that they involve a physical part of the message. Things like the distance between the transmitter and receiver and the point. Where information comes from can mean something to the system. If the distance between the receiver and transmitter is wrong, the system might not open the message. The idea is that the part of the security algorithm is the physical distance between the receiver and the transmitter. 

https://scitechdaily.com/how-structured-light-and-ai-are-shaping-the-future-of-communication/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-method-improves-wireless-network-speed-and-reliability/

The neuroscientists get a new tool, the 1400 terabyte model of human brains.

"Six layers of excitatory neurons color-coded by depth. Credit: Google Research and Lichtman Lab" (SciteechDaily, Harvard and Google Neuroscience Breakthrough: Intricately Detailed 1,400 Terabyte 3D Brain Map)

Harvard and Google created the first comprehensive model of human brains. The new computer model consists of 1400 terabytes of data. That thing would be the model. That consists comprehensive dataset about axons and their connections. And that model is the path to the new models or the human brain's digital twins. 

The digital twin of human brains can mean the AI-based digital model. That consists of data about the blood vessels and neural connections. However, the more advanced models can simulate electric and chemical interactions in the human brain. 

This project was impossible without AI. That can collect the dataset for that model. The human brain is one of the most complicated structures and interactions between neurotransmitters, axons, and the electrochemical interaction between neurons. Making a model of those interactions is an impressive achievement. 

The human brain's digital twin is a useful tool to research neural disorders and how to deal with that thing. The new comprehensive model of the human brain offers new tools for neurosurgeons in practice and simulations about the effect of certain operations and medical treatments, and the system can introduce what effect certain blood vessels have in the brain. 

The structure of the brain and neural connections make it possible that the brain never gets stuck. Even if one route is locked or stuck, brains can pass that point. And that means that even if we think of some problem, brains can still watch the environment. 

But the most interesting thing. That this system can make, is the artificial intelligence that acts like the human brain. The AI can create the needed number of databases and their connections. The modern AI can handle database structure with 200 billion connections. The number of human neurons is a little mystery because neurons can create virtual neurons using their connections. Those virtual neurons act like one neuron. And they can interact with their database. 

If researchers can model this system in the virtual entirety or software-based artificial intelligence on a large scale, that thing can create new types, of more effective AI. 

https://scitechdaily.com/harvard-and-google-neuroscience-breakthrough-intricately-detailed-1400-terabyte-3d-brain-map/

New research tells why mice are so teachable.

 

"Scientists discovered that mice display strategic behavior in learning tasks by engaging in exploratory actions that initially appear as mistakes. Through experiments, the study showed that mice test hypotheses and adjust their strategies based on the outcomes, challenging the traditional view of animal errors as mere mistakes. This insight into animal cognition not only sheds light on how mice think but also draws parallels with nonverbal human learning, paving the way for further studies on the neural basis of strategic thinking. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Challenging Our Views of Cognition – New Johns Hopkins Test Reveals That Mice Think Like Babies)

New research tells us that mice think like babies. This thing makes us understand why rodents are so maddening. And why they successfully avoid things like traps. That thing makes rodents so successful and harmful. This new research opens a new view of cognition. 

Rodent's brains are not very big. And they are a good example of animals that should not be successful. But their way of using their brains is effective. The effective way to think determines the success of the individual. 

The reason why children's cognitive actions are so effective is that their brains are like empty paper. And everything that they do is new. Because they have no memories their brains have fewer memory blocks or databases. They must connect, and learning means the ability to interconnect databases. In children's brains, there is more free space in memory cells, neurons must not spend as much time finding space from memory cells. 

New EEG systems. Along with AI allows the collection of information from large populations. The neuro-implated microchips allow researchers to observe neural functions deeper in brains. During those missions, the system can observe animals and humans in the natural environment. 

The new systems can also decode the EEG. And maybe, quite soon, R&D teams can see memories from computer screens. The knowledge about brain functions tells about the advancement of thinking. And why children are so productive and creative. But when we turn into adults. We lose our productivity somewhere. 

That is one of the most interesting ways to model the thinking process. The number of neurons is not the only thing that is necessary for successful thinking. Successful operation is conducted from successful thinking. We can say that thinking is the theoretical prediction for physical actions. 

The thing. What determines the success of the thinking process, is if it benefits the species. Babies think otherways than adults. They are more curious and more unprejudiced than adults. And they will test and try things more often than adults. For babies, every day is full of new things. And that thing is making babies successful in learning things. 

The same thing makes mice and probably rats sometimes maddening. Those clever rodents learn how to void traps. And that makes them successful learners. The same models can be used to make intelligent robots to learn things. The robot can try something alone, and then it can estimate if its model is successful. In those cases, there are parameters, that determine if the system has successfully done its missions. 

https://scitechdaily.com/challenging-our-views-of-cognition-new-johns-hopkins-test-reveals-that-mice-think-like-babies/

Curved terahertz radiation can offer a new communication tool.

"A breakthrough in wireless communication shows potential for terahertz waves to curve around obstacles, enhancing connectivity and paving the way for advanced network technologies. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, How Curved Terahertz Waves Could Revolutionize Wireless Communication)

Terahertz radiation is a tool. That is used for new types of radars and observation systems. Teraherz-scanners can give new tools for airport security. Those scanners can find hidden weapons in clothes. But terahertz radiation can also for communication. 

The newest tool for information technology is terahertz communication. The curved terahertz radiation can make new types of communication and detection systems true. That curved radiation can travel through corners. And that makes a new type of data communication possible. The system can transmit data between two devices directly without relay stations. Even if those devices don't have visual contact with each other. 

"A study that could help revolutionize wireless communication introduces a novel method to curve terahertz signals around an obstacle. Credit: Illustration provided by the Mittleman Group, edited" (ScitechDaily, How Curved Terahertz Waves Could Revolutionize Wireless Communication)

That technology can used in communication at the bunkers. And it can make it possible to offer safe communication on the Moon over hills and around stones. On the Moon, the electromagnets can create the needed magnetic field that allows to turn those terahertz waves. 

Curved terahertz waves can revolutionize communication and detecting systems. Images show how curved terahertz waves can travel over, and around hindrances. That allows systems to communicate over hindrances straight without relay stations. 

If the system can control those rays with good accuracy, those things can used to control things like drones. How many use those interesting terahertz radiation systems depends on the accuracy. That terahertz system can control those curves. 

This type of terahertz system makes eavesdroppers harder to detect transmitters using the bearing devices. The terahertz systems that use curved terahertz waves can also used to detect things through the wall. The idea is that in that case the transmitters and detectors are not in a straight line. 

That makes it easier to hide the position of the transmitter. The curved terahertz radiation can make new types of terahertz sensors possible. What if the system can curve terahertz radiation into the donut-shaped form? In that case. The terahertz systems can return radiation to the sensor. And that can make new types of images of the targets. 

https://scitechdaily.com/how-curved-terahertz-waves-could-revolutionize-wireless-communication/

These breakthroughs can make AI even more flexible.

"A study shows regular gamers have enhanced cognitive abilities, like faster reaction times and better memory, compared to non-gamers. Despite criticisms of gaming, these findings indicate potential benefits in professional fields requiring high cognitive performance, without increased cognitive fatigue. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Improved Attention and Memory: Scientists Uncover New Cognitive Benefits of Video Games)

Neuroscientists made the breakthrough when they uncovered how people learn and remember. That kind of information is required for the BCI (Brain-Computer Interface) systems that can control robots and other tools using the EEG. This kind of information is also an important thing for rehabilitating people, who have neurological damage. That data can be used to create new biological computers and microchips. 

Video games can used to simulate the new tools in the virtual world. If the person can use BCI to control some characters on screen. The same system can control interactive robots through computers. 

"New findings in memory research reveal the role of dendritic translation in learning, identifying thousands of micropeptides and key regulatory proteins, offering insights into intellectual disabilities and broader neurological functions. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Neuroscience Breakthrough Unveils How We Learn and Remember)

For controlling machines, the BCI requires machine learning. The system must connect certain EEG curves with a precise right action. The AI that controls the BCI requires a dataset about those EEG curves. Those datasets are like library or dictionary books for the human brain. And without them, the BCI cannot decode thoughts. 

Video games offer a good tool for researching memory and thinking. And if a person can move characters on screen, that person can move similar things in nature. Video games improve certain types of concentration and observation. And that thing can used to teach people with concentration problems. Video games can uncover. If a person has some kind of problems with some cognitive operations. So video games can uncover, how people learn things. 

"NASA’s software discipline, crucial across Mission Directorates, emphasizes improving software engineering and automation risk management, adopting AI/ML innovations, and leveraging the Code Analysis Pipeline for software quality. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily,NASA Mission Critical Coding: Understanding Risk, Artificial Intelligence, and Improving Software Quality)

Computer- or video games can be used to create virtual datasets for AI that control interplanetary missions. When AI lands probes on distant planets like Jupiter's icy moons it requires datasets that it uses. The problem with NASA is that if there is no landing mission before, there is the possibility that everything goes wrong. Flight to Jupiter takes about eight years. And if something goes wrong that mission takes 8 years for nothing. 

So the AI requires a dataset on how to control the craft. Video games are a tool that can offer practice for AI. The gamer operates virtual modules that the AI can use to create a mission profile. The AI and learning machines cannot operate using empty databases. When AI thinks it connects databases to the new entireties. The AI cannot create mission profiles without databases. 

"Researchers from Bar-Ilan University have uncovered how machine learning successfully classifies images, revealing that each filter in a deep learning architecture recognizes and refines the recognition of image clusters through layers." (ScitechDaily, How Does AI Work? Researchers Reveal the Mechanism Underlying Successful Machine Learning)

The imitation game is the method of how the researchers teach things to the AI. In an imitation game, the operator controls virtual characters. And those virtual character's actions will transfer to the physical machines. The AI-controlled robots can also imitate things that people make. The robot's actions are a series of movements or reactions. And the system can connect certain actions with certain things. 

When an imitation machine makes connections between some action and some object. That machine can create billions of connections. And then it can create a network of those action-object combinations. This type of network has unlimited capacity. And the only thing. That limits the number of action object combinations. 

https://scitechdaily.com/how-does-ai-work-researchers-reveal-the-mechanism-underlying-successful-machine-learning/

https://scitechdaily.com/improved-attention-and-memory-scientists-uncover-new-cognitive-benefits-of-video-games/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-mission-critical-coding-understanding-risk-artificial-intelligence-and-improving-software-quality/

https://scitechdaily.com/neuroscience-breakthrough-unveils-how-we-learn-and-remember/

The new bendable sensor is like straight from the SciFi movies.

"Researchers at Osaka University have developed a groundbreaking flexible optical sensor that works even when crumpled. Using carbon nanotube photodetectors and wireless Bluetooth technology, this sensor enables non-invasive analysis and holds promise for advancements in imaging, wearable technology, and soft robotics. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, From Sci-Fi to Reality: Scientists Develop Unbreakable, Bendable Optical Sensor)

The new sensor is like the net eye of bugs. But it's more accurate than any natural net eye. The system is based on flexible polymer film and nanotubes. The nanotubes let light travel through it. And then the film at the bottom of those tubes transforms that light into the image. This ultra-accurate CCD camera can see ultimate details in advanced materials. The new system can see the smallest deviation in the materials. 

And that thing makes it possible to improve safety on those layers. The ability to see ultra-small differences on surfaces is the thing that allows the systems that make things like nano-size machine parts and microchips. When robot systems make something. They must see what happens under their manipulators. 

The ability to use optical imaging is a fundamental tool in many technologies. The problem with things like scanning tunneling microscopes and lasers is that they can destroy the cells. The ability to use white light and optical sensors makes those systems less high energy. 

"Detection and imaging of light, heat, and molecules using sheet-type optical sensors. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), Reprinted with permission from Advanced Materials. Credit: 2024 Araki et al., Ultraflexible Wireless Imager Integrated with Organic Circuits for Broadband Infrared Thermal Analysis, Advanced Materials". (ScitechDaily, From Sci-Fi to Reality: Scientists Develop Unbreakable, Bendable Optical Sensor)

"Sheet-type optical sensor integrated with a carbon nanotube photodetector and an organic transistor. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), Reprinted with permission from Advanced Materials. Credit: 2024 Araki et al., Ultraflexible Wireless Imager Integrated with Organic Circuits for Broadband Infrared Thermal Analysis, Advanced Materials" (ScitechDaily, From Sci-Fi to Reality: Scientists Develop Unbreakable, Bendable Optical Sensor)

This new camera may have multiple nanotubes. And there can be things like ultra-fast camera shutters in those nanotubes. The easiest way is to cut those nanotubes, and then the rotating disk with a hole rotates through that hole. 

Another way is to use coin-looking shutters. Those shutters can be in individual nanotubes. And they can rotate vertically in the tube. That makes this system possible to create rapid images. Those systems can observe living cells with ultimate accuracy. This system can work along with attosecond lasers. 

Attosecond lasers are the fastest optical systems in the world. The laser impulse lasts only an attosecond. The system is like a regular laser scanner or lidar. But its impulse is extremely short. That makes it possible to use attosecond lasers as laser scanners that see electron movements in water. 

It's possible. That attosecond lasers can act as ultra-fast stroboscopes that give optical microscopes the ability to see things that they don't see otherwise. Those systems can operate separately, but computers can connect their data. 

https://scitechdaily.com/from-sci-fi-to-reality-scientists-develop-unbreakable-bendable-optical-sensor/

https://learningmachines9.wordpress.com/2024/02/21/the-new-bendable-sensor-is-like-straight-from-the-scifi-movies/

The new green energy solutions.

Above: The small modular nuclear reactors offer networked energy solutions for large areas. They can offer power supply for ships, trains, aircraft, and other vehicles. In the military world, the small modular nuclear reactors guarantee the power supply for the new directed energy weapons (DEW). Those modular nuclear reactors can also connect as parallel and serial connections. So they can deliver as much energy as large nuclear reactors. 

Photosynthetic bacteria can also used to create power for electricity. 

The traditional method to use bacteria as an energy source is to use them to make methane. Engineers will put that bacteria in the reaction chamber. The bacteria form the methane in anaerobic conditions. And then. The system can transport that gas to fuel cells or turbines. The problem is that carbon must removed from methane. 

The photosynthetic bacteria send their bioluminescence light to solar panels, and they can create biologically created electricity. Genetic engineering makes it possible to create luminance bacteria that can create quite bright light. In those systems, the bacteria cultures are covered using solar panels or photovoltaic cells. 

There is also the possibility of making genetically engineered bacteria. They are connected with electric eel's genomes, and those bacteria can create very high-power electricity. The biological batteries can connected into parallel or serial connections. 

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Above: Those bacteria could also create electricity for that network. That requires genetic engineering. But the solution could be a good tool for emission-free energy systems. 

 https://www.nessling.fi/en/new-sustainable-materials-for-green-electricity-production-from-photosynthetic-bacteria/

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One of the problems with green energy is that the single systems cannot create enough power. There are needed hybrid systems. That can deliver energy in calm weather and cloudy days. And at night time. One company in the USA introduced an idea about a hybrid power plant with a miniature nuclear reactor and solar panels. The hybrid system can also use all types of green energy sources like geothermal heat, solar panels, wind power, or water and wave plants. In those solutions, miniature nuclear reactors can used in situations. There the green energy power is not enough to replace electricity use. 

Green energy can also used in reactor's backup systems. The miniature nuclear reactors are interesting because they offer non-centralized solutions for energy production. In crisis, non-centralized, network-based power supply is harder to destroy than centralized solutions. 

Dumping money into one solution is not good. The mountain areas are suitable for hybrid solutions, where wind energy and solar power are combined. In some visions, the water tubes that transport water can also be equipped with small rotors that can recycle part of energy. 

The solution is to use all kinds of clean energy sources. Miniature nuclear systems are the things that can create electricity for villages, ships, trains, and aircraft. The hybrid system is connected an solar power with miniature nuclear reactors that can used in space systems. The solar wings or long solar panels can offer a platform for the reactor's cooling systems. The nuclear reactor can offer energy when that system requires high-power energy systems. And that system can used in killer satellites. There is suspicion that Russians plan the nuclear-powered space system that can destroy other satellites using EMP impulses. 

The next-generation LNG can create hydrogen, oxygen, and chlorine with sodium while they travel through the sea. 

One of the solutions that might interest is the rotor sails or Fletner rotors. Airbus plans to create rotor ships that use this type of rotor to create electric power. The Flettner rotors can transport their electricity straight to the engines. Or they can release the energy into the electrolytic chambers. In that system, the Flettner rotors create electricity that breaks water molecules. 

The fact is that. In some futuristic models, the Flettner rotors or some other rotors can be in underwater positions. If there are rotors in the ocean floor those systems can create hydrogen oxygen, chlorine, and sodium from the seawater. In that model, those rotors can be similar to wind generators. In that case, those rotors can benefit ocean currents and underwater flow for making green energy. 

Then the system transports hydrogen into the turbines. And fuel cells or they can transport that gas to the customers to the ground. In some theoretical innovations, the Flettner ships can travel through the ocean and fill their tanks with hydrogen, oxygen chlorine, and sodium. Then at the harbor, those ships can deliver those materials to the customers. The electrolytic systems can also separate lithium from seawater. 

The Flettner rotors can also operate on fixed platforms. In those systems, the Flettner rotors create electricity that creates hydrogen and oxygen in gas pipes. If those Flettner platforms turn into reality, they can create hydrogen on the same scale as natural gas produced from offshore oil rigs. 

https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/celc.201900997

https://futurism.com/the-byte/russia-nuclear-spacecraft-attacks-energy

https://futurism.com/the-byte/russia-space-nuke-destroy-orbit-satellites

https://www.iaea.org/publications/15098/nuclear-renewable-hybrid-energy-systems

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.2968/065006007

https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/norsepower-to-provide-rotor-sails-for-lda-and-airbus-s-new-fleet/ar-BB1ierAf

https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsus-companies-collaborate-on-small-fast-reactor-technology-5763171

https://www.nessling.fi/en/new-sustainable-materials-for-green-electricity-production-from-photosynthetic-bacteria/

https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-power-reactors/small-nuclear-power-reactors.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flettner_rotor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotor_ship

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_modular_reactor

https://learningmachines9.wordpress.com/2024/02/21/the-new-green-energy-solutions/

Machine learning meets chemistry.

"MIT chemists have developed a computational model that can rapidly predict the structure of the transition state of a reaction (left structure), if it is given the structure of a reactant (middle) and product (right). Credit: David W. Kastner" (ScitechDaily, Machine Learning Meets Chemistry: New MIT Model Predicts Transition States With Unprecedented Speed)

Machine learning means. The system makes memos about things that it does. A learning machine is like a man, who writes in a notebook. And then that machine can escalate those notes over the entire system. The learning machine is like some laboratory assistant, who writes everything that is done in a test environment with chemical tests into notebooks. In machine learning, computers make those memos automatically. 

In chemistry, that means that the system observes some reactions, and then it puts all the details in the memory. This thing helps the AI-based systems to multiply the chemical and physical environment for the chemical reactions in other laboratories. The AI-based system can transform the test environment conditions straight into full-scale systems and reactions. That thing makes chemical research and development faster than ever before. 

Along with things like nano printers and attosecond lasers that thing can make the new type of chemical compounds. The nano printers allow creation the of catalytic layers with accurately adjusted surface area. The attosecond lasers can observe chemical reactions with ultimate accuracy. The attosecond lasers can adjust the energy levels in molecules and even turn the molecular bonds out from the environment. That allows to connect the ions and atoms into the molecule's certain point. 

In those systems gravity is a problem. In complex 3D structures, all kinds of disturbances and artifacts are problematic. If the gas mixture or some other things in the reaction chamber is wrong, that is catastrophic. That thing makes automatized orbital laboratories important. Those laboratories are small-sized satellites there remote control system makes molecular structures in the zero-gravity environment. And that thing makes the revolution in chemistry. 

"Scientific visualization of the AI-guided assembly of a novel metal-organic framework with high carbon dioxide adsorption capacity and synthesizable linkers. Building blocks, predicted by generative AI, are shown on the left, while the final AI-predicted structure is shown on the right. Credit: Xiaoli Yan/University of Illinois Chicago and the ALCF Visualization & Data Analytics Team" (ScitechDaily, Supercomputers and AI Unlock Secret Materials for Next-Gen Carbon Capture)

The same methodology. That used in complex chemical structures can also used in complex material structures. 

The ability to make complex 3D structures makes it possible to create new types of composite materials. The researchers can make a material with an extremely large surface area to clean toxic chemicals and carbon from the air. The box-like structure below the graphene surface can turn material very hard, and resistant to impacts. 

The 3D structures that can make the soundwave jump across it can used to make rooms and materials without echoes. That kind of material allows researchers to create a pure acoustic test environment. The graphene layer that is connected with a box structure using nanotubes can used for the new acoustic materials. The nanotubes transport wave movement to a nano-acoustic layer that conducts energy from soundwaves into itself. 

In some models, nano springs connect those nano-boxes. Nano springs are the DNA bites. The idea is taken from nuclear-protecting bunkers. They are like boxes that hover in the artificial caves. When energy impulse hits those points the bunker that is hanging on hydraulic pistons in the water layer would survive. 

There are tubes around the water layer. They allow the water to expand in those tubes if the pressure or seismic strike hits the ground. The water layer covers the bunker against the seismic impulse. The hydraulic pistons also minimize energy transport to the box. In nanostructures, that thing makes it possible for the material can maximize energy absorption from the pressure impulses. And that minimizes echo from the structure. 

https://scitechdaily.com/machine-learning-meets-chemistry-new-mit-model-predicts-transition-states-with-unprecedented-speed/

https://scitechdaily.com/supercomputers-and-ai-unlock-secret-materials-for-next-gen-carbon-capture/

https://learningmachines9.wordpress.com/2024/02/19/machine-learning-meets-chemistry/

The gravastars are the newest hypothetical stellar objects.

 

"An artist’s impression of the ultra-long period magnetar. Astronomers discovered the object using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), a radio telescope on Wajarri Yamaji Country in outback Western Australia. Credit: ICRAR" (Phys.org, Astronomers find new type of stellar object that challenges understanding of neutron star physics)

Researchers found a new type of object, that challenges the knowledge of neutron stars. The ultra-long period magnetar is the neutron star that is almost all the time in the same direction. That means the magnetar poles are all the time in the same position. And that thing makes them interesting. The pulsars are neutron stars that rotate very fast. 

The fast-rotating neutron star turns its poles to the earth alternately. That thing means. That is for making pulsars. The neutron star must have two rotating axles. And that means it rotates like Uranus. The other rotation axle is polar. Another axle is in the equator of the neutron star, and that thing makes the neutron star's poles turn to Earth alternately. 

"An animation describing the discovery, the behavior of the object, and what it might look like. Credit: ICRAR."  (Phys.org, Astronomers find new type of stellar object that challenges understanding of neutron star physics)

The thing that makes this effect interesting is that in supernova. The eruption travels to the poles. And then the remnant of that case is a magnetar, neutron star, or black hole. Another interesting thing is how the second rotational axle that turns the neutron star's poles forms. The polar axle or difference between the neutron star's shell and its core determines the magnetic field's force. 

This is a reason for small and light neutron stars have stronger magnetic fields than heavy neutron stars. The light neutron star's shell can rotate faster in comparison to its core than the heavy neutron star's shell. 

"According to findings by physicists at Goethe University Frankfurt, a gravastar could look like a matryoshka doll." (Interesting Engineering, Nestars: Study suggests gravastars akin to nesting doll structure)

But then to the new hypothetical alternative to a black hole the gravastar. 

Hypothetical gravastar is the thing that can transform our knowledge of physics. The gravastar would be the star whose core is formed of dark matter. Those gravastars can be fully formed of dark matter. Or partially formed of dark matter. The dark matter core rotates as fast as possible, and that thing forms the situation where dark energy changes its direction. So in that case the dark energy pulls objects to the gravastar's oribiter. And there could be a quantum field that traps photons around it.

One sign of gravastar could be the ring structure that orbits an object that is not visible, but whose mass is lower than a black hole's mass. If there is something like an invisible stellar-mass object. That forms a ring around it, that thing can make the gravatar true. The gravastar could be large, but less massive than a black hole. So the gravastars have no event horizon. That means the quantum fields around it can trap photons orbits it. 

The gravastars can be invisible themselves. But a thing like a too-low-mass star can uncover its position. OGLE-TR-122b is the smallest known red dwarf in the universe. Its mass is only 20% higher than Jupiter's mass. The question is why does that kind of M-type star exist? In models, the dark matter gob can pull material around it. So, the Dark matter gravitational effect pulls visible material into the gravastar's shell. And that thing means that in the place of the gravastar can form the red dwarf. So could the dark matter gob inside the smallest known stars that produce energy all the time explain those stars' existence? 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/nestars-study-suggests-gravastars-akin-to-nesting-doll-structure

https://phys.org/news/2023-07-astronomers-stellar-neutron-star-physics.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravastar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OGLE-TR-122

https://learningmachines9.wordpress.com/2024/02/18/the-gravastars-are-the-newest-hypothetical-stellar-objects/

. 

Graphene is proven safe, says the research.

"Recent research indicates that controlled inhalation of ultra-pure graphene oxide does not have short-term adverse effects on human lung or cardiovascular health, marking a significant step in safely harnessing graphene’s potential for various applications. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, “Wonder Material” Graphene Verified Safe in Groundbreaking Human Study)

Graphene or 2D carbon layer is one of the most futuristic materials ever created. When graphene was invented, researchers thought. It was one of the most exciting materials in the world. The 2D nanostructure offers outstanding properties in the microchips and other technologies like next-generation armor. Because graphene is safe, it can used freely in structures. Researchers invent new uses for graphene every day. 

In biotechnology graphene and fullerene nanotubes can make it possible to inject DNA into the targeted cells with extreme accuracy. The idea for that kind of system is "stolen" from electric eels. The electric eel's electric shocks can dump the other species' DNA into cells if the third party's cells are between the electric eel and its target. When that electric impulse travels through those cells they can dump the DNA over species. 

In laboratories, the DNA will be put in the nanotube. The system aims for that nanotube with extreme accuracy. Then the electric impulse transports the DNA into the precise point of the receiver's DNA. Then the system launches an electric shock. Also if an ion is at the front of the DNA that makes an ion pump to transport the DNA into the cells. 

The newest thing is medical treatment. The graphene carpet can destroy cancer cells and bacteria. When nanomachines. Like carrier enzymes push that nano carpet in the cell using its ion pumps. The cell's chemical environment pushes that carpet straight. And it makes holes in the protein shell. These types of advanced tools can replace old-fashioned cancer medicines and antibiotics. 

Graphene can also act as a tool for advanced materials that can revolutionize stealth technology. In that system, the ions and anions are. in the graphene cells. Then those things can pull radio waves into them. And that thing makes the aircraft invisible to radars. The graphene structure denies the radar echo from the structure. 

Graphene can used in futuristic nanoarmours. Those new nano-technical structures are 2D graphene layers there are nano springs like DNA bites between those layers. Those nano springs are taking strikes into them, and the multi-layer graphene can turn new types of aircraft, submarines, and ground vehicles into reality. 

In the most interesting visions, there would be nano-antennas on graphene layers. The graphene pumps energy into those nano-antennas. And that thing makes it possible to create new types of radars and scanners that have ultimate accuracy. The nanomechanical microwave and radar system can be the next-generation system technology. 

https://scitechdaily.com/wonder-material-graphene-verified-safe-in-groundbreaking-human-study/

https://learningmachines9.wordpress.com/2024/02/18/graphene-is-proven-safe-says-the-research/

The ancient galaxy challenges the dark matter and galaxy formation theories.

"JWST-7329: a rare massive galaxy that formed very early in the Universe. This James Webb Space Telescope NIRCAM image shows a red disk galaxy but with images alone, it is hard to distinguish from other objects. Spectral analysis of its light with JWST revealed its anomalous nature – it formed around 13 billion years ago even though it contains ~4x more mass in stars than our Milky Way does today. Credit: James Webb Space Telescope" (ScitechDaily, “Beyond What’s Possible” – Webb Space Telescope Discovers Mysterious Ancient Galaxies)

Ancient galaxy challenges theories about galactic formation and dark matter. That galaxy seems to have too little dark matter that it can form. And that thing advances the model of dark matter interaction. In some theories, dark matter is the origin of dark energy. When dark matter oscillates it sends radiation or wave movement called dark energy. 

When those hypothetical WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) send wave movement they act like regular or visible material. The other WIMP takes that radiation into its quantum field. And when that radiation stress ends the WIMP sends that radiation away. That radiation pushes WIMPS away. And the gravity pulls them together.  

If the WIMPs is a particle at all. In some models, the things that dark matter theorists call WIMPs are small false vacuums. Or some kind of standing waves. There is the possibility that the WIMP is the standing wave that forms when energy impacts some particle's quantum fields. 

Or in superstring theory, there are thin but extremely long quantum fields in the universe. Some of those strings are so long, that they travel through the entire universe. If something forms some kind of knot in those superstrings they can cause a gravitational effect that looks like material. 

The superstring model is simple. Materia can turn into wave movement and backward. Wave movement can form into the material.  And the material is only one form of energy. When those superstrings interact they form energy impulses that can called dark energy. 

The model goes like this: dark matter and its gravitation are interaction. In the young universe, the energy level was higher, and energy was denser than today. The dark matter interaction with that energy was different than today. There must be an extremely high energy level that dark matter can interact with so-called visible energy. 

The higher energy means, that there are more quantum fields or denser quantum fields than in the modern universe. In that model when dark matter sends radiation or wave movement. That wave movement hits those quantum fields or quantum strings more often than in the modern universe. 

Another thing that can form the galaxy is the cosmic vacuum. There is a possibility that the young universe formed a cosmic bubble or so-called false vacuum. In that model, the false vacuum caused the material and energy to fall into that bubble. And that thing can form the disturbance that forms a galaxy. 

Things like some kind of cosmic eruption can form a situation in which some kind of energy or ion beam can pull lots of material or energy with it. That kind of energy beam like a radiation tornado can act like a cosmic thermal pump that forms the vacuum. Energy and material around that vacuum start to fall into it. This effect can form a supermassive black hole, and then that black hole starts to form a spiral galaxy around it. The spiral galaxy is the whirl around a mass center called a massive or supermassive black hole. 

https://scitechdaily.com/beyond-whats-possible-webb-space-telescope-discovers-mysterious-ancient-galaxies/

Researchers captured electron motion in the water.

"Scientists used a synchronized attosecond X-ray pulse pair (pictured pink and green here) from an X-ray free electron laser to study the energetic response of electrons (gold) in liquid water on attosecond time scale, while the hydrogen (white) and oxygen (red) atoms are ‘frozen’ in time. Credit: Nathan Johnson | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory" (ScitecDaily, Atomic Freeze-Frame: Electron Motion in Water Captured For First Time)

Researchers saw how electrons move in water. That ability brings new visions for chemical and quantum chemical solutions. The new system can make any kind of chemical compound. But they require the ability to control the system. And it is impossible to control the system. 

If the controller cannot see interactions in the system. The ability to see how electrons move in the water makes it possible to control water. And the quantum chemical systems turn single water molecules using laser rays. 

The water molecule can used as a quantum antenna. That moves other molecules. The system can use water molecules as antennae. That transports electromagnetic impulses. Or it can used as a photo-acoustic tool, where laser rays put water molecules oscillate and transport acoustic oscillation to the structure. That phenomenon can used in new types of sonar systems. 

The laser satellites and aircraft can use photoacoustic systems for tracking submarines. And the best way is to make water molecules oscillate. 

Water molecules can be tools for next-generation computing and quantum engineering. Water molecules look a little bit like teddy bears. The ears are hydrogen, and the head is water. This structure makes water molecules a little bit polar. The water molecule interacts with magnetic fields. And that thing makes this thing useful in the quantum system. If all water molecules are in the same direction they can form the quantum cables. Or if the water molecules are around the magnet. 

That thing forms a structure. There all oxygen or hydrogen atoms are outside. This structure is close to the monopolar structure. The magnetic monopoles are not found, but that structure is as close to them as possible. In some tests, the electrons or protons are shot together using lasers. But those "optical monopoles" are not stable. And they are hard to control. 

The water molecules also can used in quantum computers and quantum memories. The idea is that the information is driven to water molecules. And then those molecules act as mass memories. But to make those things real, the system must control information in the water molecules. In some models, laser rays anchor water molecules in certain positions, and the quantum entanglement transports information between those atoms' quantum fields or locked electrons. The electromagnetic shadow of oxygen locks hydrogen in a certain position. And then information can travel between those electrons. 

Same way. The quantum shadow from protons can lock electrons in a certain position. That allows the system to create a hydrogen-oxygen chain. That is quite similar to the carbon chain. In those structures, another hydrogen atom is replaced with the chemical bond between oxygen. Those super-peroxides can connect with carbon and that allows us to use them in nanotechnology and special engineering. 

The new nano- and quantum chemistry allows to creation of things like chemical compounds that are harmless or safe. When those chemicals are in neutral mode they are harmless. But when they get a chemical activator that thing can turn harmless compounds into things, like acetylene. The requirement for that reaction is that the inactivator is removed from the molecule and then it just activates the chemical. 

It's theoretically possible that the formaldehyde CH2O. Which is highly inflammable and can somehow lose oxygen and turn into CH4 (Methane) if the system can replace oxygen with two hydrogen atoms. Then the system could transport that oxygen back to the reaction. If that reaction is self-sustaining, that thing can create a new type of energy source. The requirement for that is that the enzyme or some other chemical can remove oxygen from the formaldehyde and then that chemical tier must just remove oxygen back to the cycle. 

https://scitechdaily.com/atomic-freeze-frame-electron-motion-in-water-captured-for-first-time/

The new AI requires new processors.

 AI is the ultimate tool for laboratories. But it requires lots of calculation power.

The advancement of self-driving labs in chemistry and materials science, employing AI and automation, promises to revolutionize research by accelerating the discovery of new molecules and materials. Milad Abolhasani highlights the need for standardized definitions and performance metrics to compare and improve these technologies effectively. Credit: SciTechDaily.com (ScitechDaily, Revolutionizing Research: How AI-Driven Chemistry Labs Are Redefining Discovery)

The AI is a revolutionary tool for many things. It's powerful even if there are no quantum processors. That is the beginning of a new era of technology for civil and military purposes.  The AI-controlled laboratories can create new chemicals and new materials. And the AI can also create programming code faster than any programmer can do. 

The new AI can create images from text and music. And the AI can watch your body language and see if you lie. Those systems are coming, and that is the thing that we must just accept. 

Things like nanomachines can operate as well as independently as full-scale machines. However, they require new types of microchips that can drive complicated code. But if those microprocessors are used the nano-machine swarm can operate as a regular drone swarm that uses non-centralized calculation. 

Things like nanomachines require new types of microprocessors. Those nanomachines can detect and remove cancer and dirt from the human body. But those nanomachines require new types of microprocessors. In nanotechnology is a danger. That electricity jumps over the switches. The nanomachines take their electricity from radio waves. Or even from the human nervous system. 

In visions, nanorobots can even replace the human immune system and filter carbon dioxide off the hemoglobin in the human blood system. The use of nanotechnology requires new types of AI-based laboratories. And in those laboratories, the AI makes things where it is best. It can control and observe large-scale structures. 

AI can create new types of materials and create full-scale documentation of those processes. The system can collect precise and accurate information on physical and chemical conditions. And it can filter information extremely fast. The AI can search and collect data from multiple places, and then it can find things like similarities from the DNA. 

The AI can search cancer genomes. But it also can search for things like similarities in the DNA samples taken from people creative people. And that thing makes it possible to position the genome that connects creative people. AI-controlled nanotechnology makes it possible to create synthetic, productive DNA. And then that genome can be transported to the human body. This makes it possible that humans can connect new abilities to themselves. 

"A new chip developed by Penn Engineers uses light to accelerate AI training, offering faster processing and reduced energy consumption while enhancing data privacy. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, At the Speed of Light: Unveiling the Chip That’s Reimagining AI Processing)

The new photonic processors are tools for running the new AI. 

The new AI-based search engines that generate texts from free Internet sources require new types of microchips. The new microchips are more energy-friendly than previous systems. The problem with AI and especially creative AI is that the system requires lots of calculation power. And that causes situations where microprocessors use their full power all the time. 

The high temperature causes a situation in which the oscillation in wires causes resistance. And that slows the microchip. The high-power and fast microchips are required, when developers use the AI for generating images and programs using this tool. The AI makes the things like coding projects more effective. And that thing means that it is a useful technology, in the hands of people who know what they do. 

The idea of creative AI is that the server interacts with the client. And that thing causes a situation where the client requires more computer power. This is the biggest difference between AI and regular PHP code. In regular homepages and web-based applications, the server system runs the entire code in the server. And that means the client doesn't need so much processor power. The client gives a mission to the server, and then the server runs the code and delivers the answer. 

In creative systems, the AI makes non-stop data exchange with the server. When the creative system interacts the system delivers an answer to the client, and then the the client takes the server's role. It returns the answer to the server and says. If there is needed something more. And that requires more processor power. 

This text was made using Grammarly. And in that system, you can see how the system interacts with the server. The system sends text to the server, and then the server makes proposals. On how to correct those errors. And text is an easy thing for AI. Graphics like images are more difficult. And they require more data handling and transport capacity. 

There is one version of how to make this kind of AI that requires less computer power. In that system, the client will transfer responsibility to two server systems. Then those servers make the data transfer between each other. In that process, the client outsources the entire data-handling process to the servers. In that model, the user can check the results. While the task is running. Then user can give more orders to AI or the user can accept the result. That thing is the tool that can make many new things. 

https://scitechdaily.com/at-the-speed-of-light-unveiling-the-chip-thats-reimagining-ai-processing/

https://scitechdaily.com/revolutionizing-research-how-ai-driven-chemistry-labs-are-redefining-discovery/

NASA's moon radiotelescope can work as a testbed for a manned moon station.

Above: Lunar Crater Radio Telescope (LCRT) on the Far-Side of the Moon.

NASA's next big space radio telescope can be on the moon. The telescope would be LCRT (Lunar Crater Radio  Telescope). The size of this telescope would be an impressive 1km. The LCRT would be similar zenith telescope of retired Arecibo, Puerto Rico, and FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope)in China. But LCRT would be far bigger than those Earth-based telescopes are. 

The LCRT would be on the other side of the moon. The system can send data to Earth through lunar-orbiting satellites or the bright-side-based communication station. That is connected with wires to LCRT. The moon-crater telescope on the Moon can also act as an impressive intelligence system. that can see communication on the Earth if that telescope watches Earth. 

Above: FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope) (Astronomy Now)

However, there have been non-official visions about the optical telescope on the moon. That theoretical optical telescope would be larger and more powerful than the JWST telescope. NASA would send the telescope in pieces to the moon at the top of the landers. And then those landers will connected. And then that moon telescope can start its operations. 

It's possible. The moon telescope cooperates with human-looking robots that offer it service and repairments. Those systems can make it possible to test the automatized repairing and building tools. And maybe the manned moon station is made by using robots. Then those astronauts can just land and step into the base. That is ready for operations right away. 

The thing is that the moon laboratories are coming with or without Artemis. Those laboratories can be manned or unmanned. The AI-based systems with hostile environment. 

The high-power radiation destroys organisms that survived from the vacuum. Makes those laboratories safe. The automatized laboratories can put on the automatized landing modules and fly their products to the Earth when their mission is completed. 

"Intuitive Machines’ Nova-C lunar lander. Later this month, a Nova-C lunar lander will deliver several NASA science and technology payloads, including the Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL), to the surface of the moon. Credit: Intuitive Machines" (ScitechDaily,  Laser Precision Meets Lunar Exploration With NASA’s Navigation Doppler Lidar)

There are two problems with new Lunar missions. 

1) Safe landing and navigation. 

Things like navigation lidar altimeters that scan the lunar surface and help to position the craft and tell the altitude for the computers and controllers are the thing that makes missions safer. But the main problem with the moon is that it doesn't have a magnetosphere. That means there is no plasma where radio waves can jump. 

And that makes it impossible to communicate over barriers. The astronauts must always have visual contact with each other if they want to communicate on the moon. The other version is that astronauts use communication satellites that act as relay stations. But if astronauts want to communicate when something like a big rock is between them they need a relay vehicle. 

The moon car that carries the relay station is in a certain position between those astronauts. If that vehicle has visual contact with those astronauts it can act as a relay station. The long telescope antennas with large transmitting sectors make it possible for the astronauts. 

They can communicate over barriers and longer distances. The weak gravity on the moon, with a lack of atmosphere, makes it possible that those telescope antennas can be long. 

Laser LED light on the top of the antenna makes it possible for the system can aim the communication antennas at it. That system might have two modes of targeted communication. And the non-targeted systems. 

Also, the system can use optical (laser) communication with radio communication. That makes those systems less vulnerable to solar storms where electromagnetic radiation can disturb radio communication.

In some visions on the astronaut's helmets is the laser LED that tells the control satellites or telescopes on Earth where those astronauts are operating. That system can send the images of the area to the astronaut's screens where they are. 

Those astronauts require a gyroscopic or inertial navigation system that doesn't require magnetic fields. The gyrocompass helps that crew to keep the line to the base. The small gyrocompass can be in the astronaut's suit, and it can give the targeting point to the space suit's HUD displays. 

For all-time communication with Earth, the system requires four communication stations. Those communication stations must always have visible contact with Earth. So in some models, there are four bases on the Moon. Those stations are connected. That allows those bases to have non-stop communication contact with Earth. 

"A concept image of NASA’s Fission Surface Power Project. Credit: NASA" (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Nuclear Horizons: Pioneering Fission Energy for the Moon, Mars, and Beyond)

Power production.

There are two ways to make the energy production for the lunar structures. The easiest way is to use solar power. The engineers can put solar panels in structures that look like blinds. 

Those blinds are easy to transport and easy to open. But the problem is that the moon's other side is dark for two weeks. The solution to the problem can be four solar power platforms at four points on the moon. That guarantees energy support for the base all the time. 

The problem is the long cables. And there is the minimum possibility that those cables face some kind of damage. Micrometeorites or sabotage can damage those cables. 

So another way to make the power supply for the moonbase and telescopes is the miniature nuclear reactor. That kind of reactor can be part of a hybrid power supply system that is a combination of solar panels and a nuclear power plant. In the daytime, the system can use solar energy. At night time the system transforms to use nuclear power. 

https://astronomynow.com/2016/09/26/australian-technology-runs-worlds-largest-single-dish-radio-telescope-in-china/

https://www.nasa.gov/general/lunar-crater-radio-telescope-lcrt-on-the-far-side-of-the-moon/

https://scitechdaily.com/laser-precision-meets-lunar-exploration-with-nasas-navigation-doppler-lidar/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-nuclear-horizons-pioneering-fission-energy-for-the-moon-mars-and-beyond/ 

https://www.techeblog.com/nasa-jpl-lunar-crater-radio-telescope-lcrt-moon-innovation-research/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope

What causes reflection from the future?

We think that the future is closer to us. When we close to the gravitational center we must ask what transports the future, or event from the future to us? The model is that gravitational waves push the future near to us. And if that gravitational radiation is strong enough. It can push all events behind us. That melts the future with the actor.  In that case, the hypersurface of the present is before all other events. 

Or another way to say the future is where we are. The requirement for that thing is that. We could raise the hypersurface of the present to the place. Where the future thing happens. But when we think that thing in the future sends reflection to the past we can ask, what causes this reflection? 

Information reflects from branes. They are like potential walls in the information flow. Those branes are like the Hall effect. 

Above: Brane model. 

"In diagram A, the flat conductor possesses a negative charge on the top (symbolized by the blue color) and a positive charge on the bottom (red color). In B and C, the direction of the electrical and the magnetic fields are changed respectively which switches the polarity of the charges around. In D, both fields change direction simultaneously which results in the same polarity as in diagram A.

1. electrons

2. flat conductor, which serves as a hall element (hall effect sensor)

3. magnet

4. magnetic field

5. power source

(Wikipedia, Hall effect)

The reflection comes from the layer called the brane. The brane acts like the Hall effect in a time cone. Same way horizontal or space brane changes the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. The brane creates the crossing field, that dams energy behind it. Only when the energy level rises high enough it can break the brane. 

The model goes like this. There are multiple horizontal branches or layers. Those layers form the space branes. The time branes are the vertical layers. The brane is the denser point in the energy or wave movement continuum. The thing that forms those energy layers that are 90 degrees angle to branes there they affect. The energy layer in the time brane is horizontal. And space branes that thing is vertical. 

The thing that forms those energy branes or layers is the high-energy reaction at the point in spacetime. That thing acts like a Hall effect. The crossing quantum field makes a dam between two layers in the energy flow. There is forming a standing wave behind that energy wall. And that thing disturbs information that travels through that brane layer. 

Objects can travel in four directions in spacetime. That is from the past to the future. The reason for that is the past is a higher energy level than the future. 

If an object travels at the speed of light, it can stop time in it. And then it can travel forward in time. The object also can travel in the space sideways to the time brane. That is vertical when an object travels on a horizontal space brane it travels through time branes it changes its wavelength. When an object travels in time the energy focus is in the hypersurface of the present. That is the space brand that locks reality. 

The thing is this: the hypersurface of the present travels in time. And because the energy focus is on that layer it's hard to affect the thing. That happened in the past. If we try to touch the thing that happened in the past its energy level is higher than our equipment. 

Because the hypersurface of the present is a higher energy level than the future we cannot see it. Energy and information travel to the future.  And because the energy level in the future should be lower that denies that we can see the future if there is not forming a higher energy point that makes information travel oppositely as normally. 

What if there is no Hall effect? 

Resistance's other name is the Hall effect. If the Hall effect is removed or something blows quantum fields from around atoms. That could make even teleportation possible. 

Hall effect makes potential wall across the magnetic field. The Hall effect is a crossing field that travels through electromagnetic fields. That effect is used to measure electromagnetic fields. 

The thing that makes the Hall effect destructive is the standing wave that dams the magnetic field behind it. The Hall effect acts in regular magnetic fields in electric wire. But also things like electromagnetic fields around atoms are forming the Hall effect's quantum version. 

When some electromagnetic waves travel through the material those electromagnetic fields dam the wave movement. And that thing destroys material or disturbs information. 

Removing the Hall effect makes it possible for information. That it can flow through the wire without disturbance. If there is no Hall effect the material can travel through the space without any potential barriers. And that can make teleportation of the complex structures possible. 

In teleportation, the potential barrier or potential wall destroys the material's entirety or order. If some system can remove the potential barrier or electromagnetic fields around atoms it could send complex structures through the walls. 

https://verse-and-dimensions.fandom.com/wiki/Brane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effect

https://learningmachines9.wordpress.com/2024/02/12/what-causes-reflection-from-the-future/