Uranus and Neptune might not be what they seem.

"Researchers have uncovered evidence that Uranus and Neptune could be far rockier on the inside than anyone expected. Their unusual magnetic fields and uncertain internal makeup show why new missions are needed to reveal what these planets are really like. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, New Findings Suggest Uranus and Neptune Are Not What They Seem)

“The Solar System is usually grouped into three main types of planets based on what they are made of: the four rocky terrestrial worlds (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars), the two massive gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), and the pair of ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). (ScitechDaily, New Findings Suggest Uranus and Neptune Are Not What They Seem)

“New research from a scientific team at the University of Zurich (UZH) suggests that Uranus and Neptune may not fit neatly into that final category. Their findings indicate that both planets could contain much more rock than previously assumed. The study does not argue that the two worlds must be water-rich or rock-rich; instead, it challenges the long-standing belief that an ice-heavy composition is the only viable explanation. This perspective is also supported by the discovery that the dwarf planet Pluto is primarily made of rock.”(ScitechDaily, New Findings Suggest Uranus and Neptune Are Not What They Seem)

New information suggests that Uranus and Neptune are rocky planets. This would be one of the most incredible findings in modern astronomy. The fact is that. Gravity doesn’t tell everything. About. The size of the planets.“Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but it very rarely occurs in its pure form in the Earth's crust. It is widely distributed throughout space in cosmic dust, planetoids, and planets in various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates. More than 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by mass), after oxygen.” (Wikipedia, Silicon). 

This means that if there is mainly silicon and lighter solid elements. Even. If the planet is large. 

It’s possible. It still has quite a weak gravity. Compared to its size. The massive rocky planets called “super earths” and “hot neptunes” are giving a tip that. Maybe there are misunderstandings about those two planets. The mass of Uranus is 14.536 times that of Earth, but that includes its massive atmosphere. The gravity on that planet’s surface is 0.886g. The mass of Neptune is 17.147 times that of Earth. Surface gravity of Neptune is 1.149g.  

As in the case of Uranus. Neptune's massive atmosphere. Raises that planet’s mass. So, are Uranus and Neptune gas planets? The gas giants are not always gas. They are probably quite small planets with a large atmosphere. But all of those planets have a point where solid layers begin. The gas giant formation begins. When. A quite small rocky point acts as the gravitational center. Then that gravitational center starts to collect gas and dust around it. 

The environment must be so stable that the solar wind doesn’t blow those gas and dust layers off, while the planet is forming. This means that planets like hot Jupiters. Or ultra-hot gas giants must form far from their suns.  The ultra-hot rocky planet can be closer to its star. And in some cases, those planets are made of melted iron. In cases like hot Jupiters, the massive gravity of those planets keeps them in form. If. Planet formation starts in interstellar space. That planet will turn. 

Into an extremely large. Interstellar traveller. This requires that the planet formation begins in an interstellar nebula, with no light elements. Those nebulae are supernova remnants and nova remnants. If. There are lots of heavy elements. Those elements cannot start fusion. There is another theoretical possibility. That the small star could turn into a planet. The idea is that the supernova near a small star or brown dwarf can push so much material away from that star that its fusion ends. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-findings-suggest-uranus-and-neptune-are-not-what-they-seem/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus

Nanopores are magnificent tools.

"Cell Membrane Nanopores Releasing IonsA representation of a cell membrane (rice) with nanopores (broccoli) releasing ions (seeds). Credit: Aleksandra Radenovic/EPFL"  (ScitechDaily, Scientists Uncover How Tiny “Nanopores” Learn Like the Brain)

"Scientists found that nanopores’ electrical charges control how ions flow and when pores temporarily shut down. The discovery could allow engineers to design nanopores that “learn” like synapses for next-generation computing.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Uncover How Tiny “Nanopores” Learn Like the Brain)

“Pore-forming proteins appear across many forms of life. In humans, they help protect the body by supporting immune defenses. In bacteria, they often function as toxins that create openings in cell membranes. These natural pores regulate the movement of ions and molecules, and their precise control over molecular transport has made them valuable in biotechnology, including DNA sequencing and molecular sensing.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Uncover How Tiny “Nanopores” Learn Like the Brain)

Nanopores can act as artificial neurotransmitters. And they can also revolutionize medicine. And others. Types of technology. Those technologies are things. Like miniature sonar technology...

Learning nanopore. It is the tool for the next-generation machine intelligence. Learning nanopores can act like neurotransmitters in the next-generation computers. If.  A nanopore is made of an electrolytic liquid. It can act as a small hard disk that transports data between the transmitter and receiver. The system can use a small electromagnetic system. Like, a miniaturized nanoradiotransmitter to write information on those nanopores. Those nanopores can operate between processors. These operate as artificial neurons. And those nanopores act as neurotransmitters or chemical qubits. The system can create those pores and then recycle the liquid that it uses. That can make it possible. To use those pores in neuro- and quantum computers. 

Nanopores can act as a chemical capsule. For viruses and other chemicals. Nanopore. It can transport very reactive chemicals. Like white phosphorus. In the wanted points. In military technology. Nanopore can transport neuro-agents like VX past the sensors. In that case, a chemical weapon is encapsulated. Into the soap. Or some other non-poisonous transporter. That chemical agent is enclosed in the nanobubbles. And when those bubbles are broken. By using an acoustic signal. Or some kind of flame, like napalm, lasers, and microwaves. That releases the nerve agent. 

Nanopore is. One of the most interesting things. In modern chemistry. It can act as a platform that allows long lipedi molecules to form on its shell.  Nanopores and micropores can be used. To take samples from humans or other things. The nanopore can close things. Like. Viruses or some other cells inside them. The pore will surround the object. And then the nanomachine can transport that captured thing away. 

The nanopore can act as an acoustic resonator. Acoustic signals can make those pores oscillate. And that makes them multiply themselves. So, a nanopore can fill the cells. Block the veins. And that makes them useful in medical use. This thing also makes them suitable for the new types of weapons. There is a possibility. The nanopore can interact with ions. Or it can have amino acids on its shell. If. The nanopore is made of the receiver’s own body fluids. That opens the path. To transport viruses into the desired cells. 

Those amino acids can act as carrier proteins. That makes cells transport it to the right objects. The ion transporter makes it possible. To control the nanopore with magnetic fields. And that is one of the biggest things in this kind of system. Today, it is possible. To create a nanopore by using pistons that move back and forth in a small chamber. Another possibility is to use the whisk that rotates in the chamber. 

The system can also use chemical things to make those pores. The carbon acid creates bubbles in water. Or the system can use electrolysis. For. The bubble making. Nanopore itself can be effective. The system can make them from the environment. The nanobubble or nanopore can transport molecules. The idea is that the nanopore is made from blood plasma. And then the medical molecules or viruses will be put inside those pores. The pore itself. Denies the immune system reaction against those viruses. This thing makes those pores an ultimate tool for gene therapy. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-uncover-how-tiny-nanopores-learn-like-the-brain/

Reseachers engineer photons in space and time.

"Controlling the Structure of Photons in Space and Time

Researchers from Wits University and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona show how controlling the structure of photons in space and time enables tailored quantum states for next-generation communication, sensing and imaging. Credit: Wits University" (ScitechDaily, Rewriting Quantum Optics: Scientists Engineer Photons in Space and Time)

Photons themselves have no time. This means that. Theoretically, it is possible to save information in photons. And that information remains as long as the photons. Information can be saved. Bending a photon into curves. This thing makes photon a good information transporter, if those curves remain in their form. This technology is under research. Photonics allows us to circumnavigate the theory of relativity. The idea is that two photons are in a superposition and quantum entanglement. 

Then those photons can transmit information virtually faster than light. Theoretically, it is possible to create a quantum entanglement. There, the receiving side moves precisely in the same moment as the transmitting particle. The idea is that the quantum entanglement would be like a stick. 

In the case that we could create a stick. That is 4,5 light-years long, we could transmit information between Earth and Alpha Centauri faster than radio waves. This means that when the astronaut pushes that stick in Alpha Centauri. The receiver sees that stick’s movement. The stick acts like an ultra-long gramophone stylus. But information travels as a wave between superpositioned and entangled particles. 

But sometimes quantum entanglement seems to break the speed of light. The thing that causes. This phenomenon is that the speed of light is a cosmic constant that depends on the medium through which light travels. The speed of light is slower in a medium than in a vacuum. This means the speed of light is slower in water than in air. The thing that slows or limits the speed of light. This is the scattering effect. 

We can think that. If. There is a vacuum tunnel in the air. Light travels faster. In that vacuum tunnel than outside it. The reason why quantum entanglement seems to break the laws of physics is simple. Information travels in the quantum tunnel. That turns the scattering effect weaker. Maybe someday we can transport information through space and time by using superpositioned photons. The idea is that. Another photon will be put into the higher energy level. By trapping it. In the chamber. That transmits energy into it. And this slows time in that photon. This photon will transmit information to another photon. That energy level is lower. Otherwise. If we want. To transmit information. 

The photon itself has no time. But it’s possible. That. Time moves more slowly in a photon. Whose energy level is higher than that of another photon. The system that transports the information from the future could be the ball. There is a quantum-sized black hole. The black hole itself or the photon. That which is positioned around the black hole transmits information to another photon. That is at a lower energy level. The idea is that. Time dilation in a part of this system. That is, the higher energy level. Makes time travel slower in that part. Then quantum entanglement transmits information to the past. 

We must not transmit information from a photon itself. We can transmit information from the field that surrounds a photon. So. If reseachers want to transmit information from the future, they must create quantum entanglement through time. They must keep the object. That transmits information. On a higher energy level. Than the energy level. It is in the receiving particle. That is one thing that could be possible in the future. The ability to transport information from the future to the past is one of the most fascinating things that we can imagine.

https://scitechdaily.com/rewriting-quantum-optics-scientists-engineer-photons-in-space-and-time/

How intelligent can a computer be?

We must determine “intelligence”. Before. We start to think about that. Somewhere. Intelligence is determined. As the ability to make a decision. By connecting data. That comes from sensors to memories. Then the memory block is connected to some action. Activates the action. That is connected to the memory block. The memory interconnects senses and actions. This is one way to think about intelligence. The next question is this: can a computer be intelligent? Even if that system doesn’t have deep knowledge? And then again. How to determine deep knowledge? 

Deep knowledge or deep learning can be determined. As a series of thoughts, we try to find something deeper in things like chess. Chess can have a role: As a test. That measures strategic thinking or tactical skills. But do those things have something to do with chess itself? When we play chess, we must not think about those things. We must just. Follow the rules. Rules make things acceptable or unacceptable. But then we can say that chess is not the only thing that measures intelligence or strategic abilities. Even the best chess player doesn’t always know how to make chess programs. And even the best programmers might not be good chess players. They might have no chance to practice.

Or maybe. They like to play.

Some other computer games. Intelligence doesn’t mean that the system or actor knows everything. If. We say: the information only. That means intelligence; then a dictionary book is intelligent. Being intelligent means. The ability to apply information to other things and situations. Consciousness means that the creature knows itself. But then, how does a creature show its environment? Is it conscious? Many times, people say that consciousness. Means that the actor. Like an organism defends itself. But then. Things like bacteria also. Defend themselves.  How high a level of consciousness? Do bacteria have? 

When we try to find deep knowledge. Or on some deeper level in some actions. We must ask, does the action have those deeper levels? Or does the action even include some deeper levels that mean something? That means deep knowledge is a chain of thoughts; the thinker can ask. Why does something have some shape? Why do traffic signs have certain shapes? Or colors. But those things. Have no connection with driving. While we drive, we must know how to react to those signs. 

Or, deep thinking?  Do we need deep thinking all the time? The idea is that we can drive cars without knowing anything about things. That happens in the engine. This means we can drive a car by just pressing the pedals and turning the wheels. And then we must follow the rules. We must know traffic signs. Or, rather, we must know how to react to traffic signs. We must not know why the traffic sign is at a certain point. We must know its name. We must know how to react. Do we face situations? We must think. About. The backgrounds of the things that we make. We do many things without even thinking about why we make something. 

If we try. To solve a mathematical formula. We must know how to solve that precise formula. But we must not know all mathematical formulas. We must know. The rules. And how to solve that problem by following mathematical formulas. The deep knowledge and deep learning. Means that we try to find something deeper in actions. That will not need, or that will not have any deeper knowledge.  Are there. Any deeper levels in all things that we do? 

When we try to make a robot that plays chess, the robot must only know how to move buttons, how to hit other buttons, that white starts, and then other rules like promotion and checkmate. Those things make the robot win chess by following the rules. And that makes it possible to win chess. The game can be accepted by chess referees only if the robot follows the rules. 

But when we think about that game, we must ask: what type of other deep knowledge? Or deep understanding? Does that game need? What kinds of deep levels can we find in those games? And if the computer wins that game, are we dumber than the computer? That is one thing that we should ask from the mirror. The computer beats us in computer games. But does it know how to make the beef or salad? Maybe we make better food than a computer. 

https://bigthink.com/books/blaise-aguera-y-arcas/

Terahertz radiation can be a breakthrough in communication and observation tools.

“Frequency comb converted into light by a cell with Rubidium atoms. Credit: Mateusz Mazelanik, Wiktor Krokosz, University of Warsaw” (ScitechDaily, “Quantum Antenna” Breaks Barrier in Measuring Elusive Terahertz Signals)

“A research team has created a quantum antenna capable of precisely measuring terahertz frequency combs for the first time.” /ScitechDaily, “Quantum Antenna” Breaks Barrier in Measuring Elusive Terahertz Signals.)  The new system benefits Rydberg atoms as a measurement tool. 

“Terahertz radiation – also known as submillimeter radiation, terahertz waves, tremendously high frequency (THF), T-rays, T-waves, T-light, T-lux or THz – consists of electromagnetic waves within the International Telecommunication Union-designated band of frequencies from 0.1 to 10 terahertz (THz) (from 0.3 to 3 terahertz (THz) in older texts, which is now called "decimillimetric waves", although the upper boundary is somewhat arbitrary and has been considered by some sources to be 30 THz” (Wikipedia, Terahertz radiation)

Terahertz radiation’s position in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is between microwaves and infrared radiation. This makes them an interesting alternative for radio waves and microwaves in communication and observation tools. The terahertz Doppler-radar, or terahertz lidar. Can be two antennas that orbit each other. This kind of teraherz-doppler system can be the tool. That makes the stealth technology unable to protect things like stealth fighters. 

Or, otherwise saying. Terahertz radiation can hack the stealth technology. Lidar-type terahertz scanners. It can open a new era for stealth and anti-stealth systems. The idea is that. It’s possible to turn those terahertz signals away from the stealth plane. But the use of those systems requires that the aircraft must use active systems. The idea is that the coherent terahertz beam. Will be shot against the terherz lidar. The system should turn the terharz signals away from stealth aircraft. The ground-based system can see that radiation. But another thing is that. Those systems can also have lasers. That reacts to terahertz radiation. The combat laser system sees the target. 

It activates a laser. Or a coherent microwave. That should destroy the terahertz radar. Another thing is that. The terahertz-jammer requires precision terahertz frequencies. The lidar system uses. And that new antenna can make. These types of systems are possible. 

The stealth technology. That focus is only on the radar frequency, which cannot affect the terahertz radiation.  Modern chameleon camouflage. That can make an object blend in with the background. But it is unable. To affect terahertz radiation. This means the terherz-scanner. It can make many of the most effective camouflages. And stealth systems are unable to work. The same systems that detect radio and laser scanners cannot detect terahertz radiation. 

And that’s why this radiation type is used in body scanners, the mission is to uncover hidden weapons under clothes. Terahertz radiation can also be used in communication tools. Terahertz radiation can make the same things. That other electromagnetic waves can do in communication tools. The biggest difference. Between terahertz radiation. And radio transmission is this. Terahertz radiation is harder to disturb. Using electromagnetic fields. This makes the radiation suitable for the next-generation internet.  Terahertz radiation is a promising thing. But a lot of work must be done with those systems. That. They can make the new communication revolution. 

https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-chameleon-camouflage-military-use

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-antenna-breaks-barrier-in-measuring-elusive-terahertz-signals/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_radar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg_atom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terahertz_radiation

Scientists debunk the sterile neutrino theory. But those small particles can play a bigger role in the universe than expected.

 

“After a decade of precision measurements, scientists have overturned a long-standing theory about a mysterious particle once thought to hide beyond the Standard Model. Using the MicroBooNE experiment’s powerful liquid-argon detector, researchers found no evidence for the elusive sterile neutrino. Credit: Shutterstock” (ScitechDaily, After Decades of Mystery, Scientists Debunk a Major Theory About a Bizarre Particle)

When we think about the missing pieces of the puzzle. Of cosmological models. We can ask: is one of those pieces the neutrino interaction between other particles? 

Neutrinos are small, weakly interacting particles. It interacts via weak interaction and gravity. Those particles can have a bigger role in the universe. Than nobody expected. In some ideas. That may be a neutrino beam. The supernova eruption sends. It can form black holes or neutron stars. The neutrino beam or burst takes all energy from between particles. And that thing makes material fall. Into the form of neutron stars. And singularity. If the star is smaller, and the neutrino burst. It is not as strong. That forms the white dwarf. 

The neutrino beam or flow through particles can deny things like neutron decay in neutron stars. That seems ridiculous. But then we must realize that in extremely high-energy reactions. Neutrino bursts can. Take all the energy. Out of an object. That causes an effect where all electromagnetic interactions lose their effect in matter that forms stars. The neutrino burst is like a thermal pump. It takes energy with it. And that causes the effect that gravity wins. When all energy. Travels out of plasma. That means quantum fields from outside. Travel to the star and press it into an extremely dense form. 

For making that thing, the neutrino beam must have an extremely high density. But theoretically. That thing is possible. 

To exist, the sterile neutrino must form in the neutrino detector or very close to the sensor. When a neutrino travels through the universe. It collects quantum fields on it. Those quantum fields are like spider silk that the neutrino takes with it. So, that means the sterile neutrino should not exist. Another possibility is that neutrinos travel through. Some kind of wormhole.  But there are no sterile neutrinos. 

“The first use of a hydrogen bubble chamber to detect neutrinos, on November 13, 1970. A neutrino hit a proton in a hydrogen atom. The collision occurred at the point where three tracks emanate on the right of the photograph.” (Wikipedia, Neutrino)

But the role of neutrinos in the universe might be bigger than we ever thought. It’s possible that neutrinos or neutrino beams can form so-called quantum dots that can collect matter around them. Those neutrino beams can form a colder point in the matter clouds and energy fields. That can make fields and objects travel to those points. So, neutrinos can have. Quite a big role. In star and planet formation. 

Neutrinos are very small particles that can tunnel through planets. They are among the least reactive particles in the universe. This makes neutrinos interesting. When a neutrino beam travels through some objects. It transports energy out of the object. When the high-power, long-standing neutrino beam travels through objects, it acts like a thermal pump. 

The neutrino that travels. Through material. Then deny the standing wave formation. That means neutrinos can play. Some kind of role in the existence of stars and other things. If something transports energy out of objects. That thing denies the formation of standing waves. That pushes particles. Away from each other. That means those particles can prevent the star from turning into a gas cloud. When its fusion starts. 

Neutrino beams can also have the ability. To make things like sunspots or stellar spots. The last ones are sunspots on other stars. Stellar spots form when the colder point forms in a star’s plasma shell. The spot exists as long as the particle flow transports energy out of it. 

When that particle flow ends, the spot collapses. They form a nuclear reaction that sends plasma eruptions. The massive plasma eruption (MPE) forms. When there is some kind of nuclear reaction deeper in the star’s core. The thing that makes those eruptions mysterious is what launches those energy formations that cause the plasma to escape from stars. 

https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsneutrinos

https://home.cern/tags/neutrino

https://neutrinos.fnal.gov/whats-a-neutrino/

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/11/251102205023.htm

https://scitechdaily.com/after-decades-of-mystery-scientists-debunk-a-major-theory-about-a-bizarre-particle/

https://scitechdaily.com/tiny-ghost-particles-could-explain-why-the-universe-exists/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot

Black Trimaran and other unusual submarine concepts.

The mysterious vehicle of the PLA. It is a trimaran that can operate underwater. And surface. 

China’s new trimaran. It can operate on the surface and underwater. These kinds of systems are new tools for the military. Or maybe we should say that those systems are the ultra-high-tech return to the past. During the Second World War. Submarines were actually surface ships. That had a submerging capacity. Before the end of the war. 

The submarines got the snorkel system that allowed them to operate underwater during their patrol missions. And after that, almost all submarines had the primary role as an underwater patrol vehicle. But there are plans to create submersible landing vehicles. The Soviets planned those landing vehicles. 

Those were based on the same technology used in Oscar and Typhoon-class submarines. Those landing vehicles would carry troops, and maybe they planned to be catamarans, with an air cushion between their hulls. Those large sizes. Nuclear-powered systems should carry troops and equipment to the targeted ground. And then those things were delivered from the keel hatches and ramps. 

The purpose of those air cushions. Were that. They allowed those giant vehicles to get close enough to the beach. And then those vehicles could also travel back to the sea without getting stuck. Those air cushion systems are not mentioned in the film. But those systems require some kind of air cushion or auxiliary vehicle.  That they get close enough to the beach. Or they should use only small amphibious tanks that could not challenge main battle tanks.  

There are also plans for cargo submarines. Those submarines would revolutionize transportation. The problem is that those vehicles require nuclear reactors to be effective. The nuclear-powered systems in the wrong hands are always dangerous. If nuclear material gets into the wrong hands, that can be dangerous. The new small nuclear reactors can turn almost any vehicle in the world. Into nuclear-powered.

T-72 tanks have snorkels that allow them to operate underwater. It’s possible that those tanks had high enough sonars. That they could operate in quite a deep bottom. As you can see from the film. T-72 has fixed tubes. And that limits its use. Those systems are not quite effective, because they are close to the surface and easy to detect. But they could be more effective if they could drive deeper. 

If the snorkel has two elastic tubes. That allows those tanks. To operate deeper. Those are connected to the buoy. The other is for engine air intake, and the other is for exhaust gas. The length of those tubes determines the depth. These kinds of systems can operate. 

There are some plans. To make nuclear-powered versions of those submarine tanks. The tank-submarines. Could have torpedoes in racks. And they could shoot them to the bottom of ships or submarines. But that requires more effective motor systems than the diesel system. 

The Chinese trimaran is the drone system. Its length is 13 meters. So it can be. The mock-up test unit for larger-scale systems. There are many things that it could be. There is a possibility that the trimaran-submarine acts as a mothership for VTOL drones. It can also launch. Things like Shahed- and Geran type drones from underwater and surface. Those drones can also be a hybrid system. The electric engine drones. That can operate in the air. And underwater. Those drones can be equipped with different types of warheads, including high-explosive anti-tank. 

That kind of warhead. Makes even small drones. Able to make holes in the hulls of other submarines. That  Chinese drone. It might be diesel-electric powered. That doesn’t mean that those drones cannot use internal nuclear warheads. Another thing is that. Those systems can be test vehicles. For the new types of warships. It can operate either submerged or surfaced. Those vehicles can operate with commandos. Or if their size is large enough, they can transport larger units to a beach. Those systems can also act as a computer center. That supports drone and other operations. 

https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/10/unusual-black-trimaran-drone-ship-spotted-in-chinese-shipyard/

https://www.twz.com/sea/chinas-mysterious-submarine-ship-hybrid-breaks-cover